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美国总统特朗普视察得州灾区的三重政治考量

2017-08-31 07:11:05   新华网

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普29日先后到访得克萨斯州南部科珀斯克里斯蒂市和首府奥斯汀,视察灾区,承诺此次救灾和重建成为“应对自然灾害的典范”。

尽管特朗普没有去受灾严重的休斯敦,但反应较为迅速。一些专家认为,特朗普很快就去灾区视察,既是履行总统职责,更有三重政治考量。

一是提振民意支持率。

自1月上任以来,特朗普饱受“通俄门”困扰。8月中旬,弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市发生暴力冲突,特朗普对事件表态多次改变“口风”,引发公众质疑。“因此,特朗普希望在危急关头积极回应,从而挽救民意,”中国社科院美国问题专家刁大明说。

现代国际关系研究院美国问题专家孙成昊指出,如果特朗普此次成功应对危机,这将成为其加分项,特朗普自然希望“转危为机”。

二是树立亲民形象。

多家西方媒体评论,在应对灾情方面,特朗普有意作出姿态,显示自己同前总统乔治·W·布什有所区别。

2005年8月,三级飓风“卡特里娜”侵袭路易斯安那州新奥尔良市,超过1800人丧生。因联邦政府救灾反应缓慢,时任总统小布什备受舆论批评。

孙成昊认为,此前小布什和贝拉克·奥巴马政府应对自然灾害时,都被公众批评不够亲民或救援不及时,因此特朗普急于视察也是希望体现自己与前任的区别,树立亲民形象。

不过,曾为小布什担任白宫发言人的阿里·弗莱舍却并不买账,认为特朗普在灾区的讲话缺乏同情色彩:“特朗普首先应该强调对遇难者的同情,对受灾民众的关切,并承诺联邦政府来到灾区,是为帮助当地恢复重建。”

三是借机修补与国会的关系。

特朗普29日向灾区承诺联邦援助,表示救灾和重建工作会比以往更得力。而这些援助离不开国会财政拨款。孙成昊认为,特朗普可以借与国会商讨给灾区特别拨款之机,修补与国会参众两院的关系,为僵硬的府会关系找到突破口。

【美国救灾“先天不足”】

得克萨斯州是共和党的基本盘,特朗普此次视察受到当地民众欢迎。但也有灾民认为得州政府救灾不力,对特朗普的灾区之行提出质疑。

灾民莉萨·艾克接受路透社采访时说,“得州政府有能力处理一切么?在洪灾中,我失去了房子和汽车,我们需要的是帮助”。去年总统选举,她没有投票,“亲历此次危机如何处理后,我才能作出结论”今后投给谁。

刁大明认为,在灾害应对方面,美国各级政府间组织协调缺乏效率,而这归咎于联邦制国家的“先天不足”。“联邦、州以及县市镇政府之间缺乏统一协调,各级政府对灾害的判断发生扭曲,因而向公众传递出矛盾信号。”

此前,得州州长格雷格·阿博特呼吁居民“严格遵守”强制撤离令,而休斯敦市长西尔维斯特·特纳则呼吁民众“待在家中”。

“联邦制框架下,如果各级政府出现不同政党主导的情况,各层级之间将加剧互动撕裂,陷入治理碎片化的困境,”刁大明说。

“哈维”带来的强降雨仍将在休斯敦地区持续。当地政府官员28日警告,今后几天,休斯敦将面临更多降雨,导致灾情恶化。

面对灾难性天气,民众会更加重视气候变化,并反思特朗普退出《巴黎协定》的决定。刁大明认为:“对特朗普来说,此次灾情可能仍会沦为负面信号,因为公众会由此联想到更多未体现民意的政策决定。”(王逸君 新华社专特稿)

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