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6天征服北极 油轮首次不借助破冰船穿越冰海

2017-08-27 06:55:48   新华网

俄罗斯一艘油轮首次无需破冰船开路通过“北方海航道”,创下6天半“征服”俄罗斯北极冰海的纪录。

英国《卫报》24日报道,液化天然气油轮“克里斯托弗·马尔热里”号用时19天,从挪威哈默费斯特市出发,抵达韩国西海岸城市保宁,比取道地中海—苏伊士运河—印度洋—太平洋的传统南方航道快了大约30%。

这艘油轮仅用6天半的时间穿越俄罗斯北冰洋海域的“北方海航道”,打破纪录。油轮所属俄罗斯现代商船公司的发言人比尔·斯皮尔斯说:“非常快,尤其是不像以往航行那样由破冰船护航。”

这家企业耗资3亿美元建造“克里斯托弗·马尔热里”号,目的是从俄罗斯西西伯利亚平原的亚马尔半岛向外运输天然气。英国广播公司说,它是全球第一艘、也是迄今唯一能够破冰的液化天然气油轮。

“克里斯托弗·马尔热里”号拥有轻钢强化船体,是按照“Arc7”级国际破冰船标准设计的最大商船。这一标准意味着船能够穿过2.1米厚的冰层。

尽管要驶过一米多厚的冰层区,“克里斯托弗·马尔热里”号仍可把平均航速保持在每小时14海里。俄罗斯现代商船公司计划建造15艘这样的液化天然气油轮。

北方海航道是俄罗斯立法界定的北极航道,西起北冰洋边缘的喀拉海,东至白令海峡,是北极“东北航道”的主要组成部分。“东北航道”与加拿大以北海域的“西北航道”组成北极航道。

北方海航道全年大部分时间仍对传统航运关闭。“这条路线上的贸易一直存在,但非常受限于冰,”斯皮尔斯说。

北方海航道的航行窗口期原先只有4个月,而且必须使用破冰船。斯皮尔斯说,有了“克里斯托弗·马尔热里”号,“全年都可以从亚马尔半岛能源输出港口萨贝塔向西航行。往东方向的航行时段为7月到12月”。

英国南安普敦大学海洋学家西蒙·博克索尔说,“我们已经能够在西北航道航行若干年,而自2010年以来,北方海航道一直断断续续开放”,预计到2020年,这条航道的使用会越来越多。

环保人士担心,商船更多利用北极航道,会加剧北极海域冰层融化。

北极海域冰层面积随季节变化周期性波动,3月最大,9月最小。美国国家航空航天局说,今年3月7日北极冬季海冰最大值创下最低纪录。(陈丹)【新华社微特稿】

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