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郑秉文:拉美经济增长需超过3%才能实现减贫目标
2017-08-25 08:56:41 中国青年网
人民网讯 8月19日至20 日,由华南理工大学公共政策研究院(IPP)主办,联合国教科文组织协办的“发展与贫困:中国和世界的经验”国际研讨会在广州举行,来自中国、美国、英国、韩国、日本、新加坡等多位学者参会。
中国社会科学院世界社保研究中心主任郑秉文和特聘研究员于环应邀参加此次会议,并作题为“拉美‘增长性贫困’检验及其应对绩效”的发言。
郑秉文教授发言
郑秉文和于环指出,低经济增长并不能有效缓解拉美贫困,只有当经济增长率超过 3%时才能真正实现减贫目标。过去 10 年的数据显示,这样的社会经济现象依然存在。
拉美贫困的特征主要体现为三个“失衡”:国家之间贫困分布失衡、城乡之间贫困分布失衡以及不同年龄群体之间贫困分布失衡。经济增长乏力是导致拉美贫困的基础性因素、社会支出的“顺周期性”不利于缓解贫困、收入分配不公使得贫困程度加深。
郑秉文认为,面对“增长性贫困”,拉美主要采取三方面的缓贫措施,其中包括“有条件现金转移支付”计划、社会支出由“顺周期性”改为“反周期性”、大力推行就业促进政策等。最后,郑秉文教授对拉美社会保障制度和贫困之间的关系进行了分析,认为社保覆盖面狭窄和贫困密切相关,贫困人口并不能从社保制度中受益,庞大的非正规就业规模是导致社保覆盖面狭窄进而导致贫困的重要原因,通过与欧美国家相比,拉美社保制度的减贫效果较差。
会议会共分为“全球化、逆全球化与贫困治理”、“拉美国家的发展与贫困”、“中国的发展与贫困”等六大议题,聚焦世界五大洲的贫困与发展问题。各国专家学者各抒己见,反思各个阶段不同国家面临的贫困问题以及减贫政策与经验,对未来的贫困发展趋势进行展望,并为全球及中国的贫困治理提供建议。
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