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劳动力减少 日本农机巨头争相建立无人驾驶拖拉机
2017-08-22 09:12:51 中国青年网
据英国《金融时报》8月21日报道,农民老龄化、大批农村劳动力外出务工以及食物自给自足水平不够等因素正推动着日本全国范围内的最大的农机巨头争相打造无人驾驶拖拉机。
日本“机器人拖拉机”的第一代产品预计明年将开始陆续销售。这种拖拉机受日本内阁办公室的鼓励,也被视为阻止日本农业灭绝的方式之一。
据报道,这项技术估计比普通拖拉机的成本将增加50%,它旨在提高日本农田的有效人力。在最开始,这种“机器人拖拉机”将需要与有人驾驶的拖拉机共同工作,以便无人驾驶机出现问题而得到紧急干预。不过,随着人造智能、跟踪和安全技术的改进,未来将会有更多的无人驾驶拖拉机在劳动力缺乏但地势开阔的北海道和九州群岛投入使用。
井关农机株式会社先进技术工程部门的小野航希说,显而易见,日本十分需要耕耘的自动机器设备。他说:“在北海道千禧年的转折点上,每个农民平均工作18.9公顷;而如今,随着人口的减少,这一比例已经上升到30.1公顷。每公顷的拖拉机操作员数量也不足。”
参与到无人驾驶农机制造的一些公司称,在2020之后,如果种植水稻或马铃薯农民在他80岁时还继续工作压力感到力不从心,理论上可以让无人驾驶拖拉机帮其犁地、播种和收获作物,这些无人驾驶农机甚至可以在晚上工作,而农民只需待在舒适的客厅里。
建立允许自动化拖拉机在不平坦地面以及陡峭倾斜的农田工作的系统是十分复杂的,将人类在多年驾驶中磨练出的细微经验“传授”给拖拉机也极具挑战。但与无人驾驶汽车不同的是,机器人拖拉机的设计师不用过多考虑其他车辆和行人的行为。
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