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美国“龙”飞船为空间站送货 火箭第一级又一次成功回收

2017-08-15 04:28:37   新华网

新华社华盛顿8月14日电(记者林小春)美国太空探索技术公司的“龙”货运飞船14日从佛罗里达州升空飞往国际空间站,这是该公司最后一次使用全新的第一代“龙”飞船执行货运任务。当天发射飞船的“猎鹰9”火箭又一次成功回收。

太空探索技术公司提供的网络视频直播显示,美国东部时间14日12时31分(北京时间15日0时31分),“猎鹰9”火箭搭载“龙”飞船从佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心顺利升空。

视频画面显示,发射后约8分钟,火箭第一级在巨大烟雾中笔直降落在与发射地相距不远的卡纳维拉尔角空军基地1号着陆区。此前,“猎鹰9”火箭第一级成功实现13次回收,其中海上回收8次,陆地回收5次。

这是“龙”飞船第12次为空间站送货。太空探索技术公司一名官员在发射前的记者会上说,这是最后一次使用全新的第一代“龙”飞船,该公司剩下的空间站货运任务将由二手飞船完成。飞船翻新使用将有助于削减成本。

在两个月前的第11次货运任务中,太空探索技术公司首次使用了二手“龙”货运飞船。目前,该公司正在研制第二代“龙”飞船,它将不再只是运货,更重要的是能运送美国宇航员往返国际空间站,从而帮助美国摆脱对俄罗斯飞船的依赖。

在这次任务中,“龙”飞船共携带约2.9吨物资,其中只有少部分是给宇航员的食物补给,多达75%是实验物资。

在这些实验物资中,最引人注目的是惠普企业公司的一台超级计算机。这将是太空第一台超级计算机,设计在轨工作时间为一年,旨在检验超级计算机在太空恶劣环境中长时间工作的性能变化,以便为将来执行火星探索任务做准备。

此外,飞船载荷还包括:一个蛋白生长实验装置,旨在进一步了解帕金森病;一个干细胞分化成肺细胞的实验装置,以培育可供将来研究使用的肺组织;一个微型卫星成像实验装置,以了解在近地轨道部署微型卫星能否为地面紧急行动提供支持。

如果一切顺利,飞船将于两天后抵达空间站,计划停留一个月,然后携带一些物资返回地球。

目前,除了“龙”飞船之外,美国航天局还雇佣美国轨道ATK公司的“天鹅座”飞船为空间站运送物资。但“龙”飞船是唯一有能力返回地球的货运飞船,“天鹅座”和其他货运飞船则会在落入大气层的过程中焚毁。

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