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美专家认为对华发起贸易调查无益于解决美国经济问题

2017-08-14 13:41:42   中国经济网

新华社纽约8月13日电综述:美专家认为对华发起贸易调查无益于解决美国经济问题

新华社记者 杨士龙 李桃 王文

美国政府或对中国发起贸易调查。多位美国专家表示,这种单边主义举措只是“政治上的权宜之计”,无益于解决美国经济问题,不仅有损中美经贸关系,也将损害美国的国际形象。

美国政府高级官员12日在电话吹风会上说,美国总统特朗普将于14日签署行政备忘录,指示美国贸易代表莱特希泽是否就所谓“中国不公平贸易行为”发起调查,尤其针对中国在技术转让等知识产权领域的做法。

这意味着,莱特希泽或将援引美国《1974年贸易法》第301条,对中国发起“301调查”。该条款授权美国贸易代表可对他国不合理或不公平贸易做法发起调查,并可在调查结束后建议美国总统实施加征关税等单边制裁。

美国中国问题专家罗伯特·劳伦斯·库恩接受新华社记者采访时说,此举无益于解决美国经济问题。短期来看,少部分美国人可能受益。但长期来看,美国经济将受损,因为这可能会阻碍美国经济朝更可持续的方向发展,“这将是一种倒退”。

库恩认为,对中国发起贸易调查只是“政治上的权宜之计”,因为特朗普竞选时曾承诺支持者将为他们找回就业。“但抨击中国并不会让问题得以解决,而是需要对工人进行再教育,使他们适应自动化时代的新工种。”

美国巴克内尔大学政治学与国际关系教授朱志群认为,一般来说,世贸组织成员应该在世贸组织框架下、而不是基于某一成员自己的法律来解决贸易争端。美国如果对中国启动“301调查”,便是将国内法律凌驾于国际法之上,“这将进一步损害美国的国际形象”。

他说,如果美国采取单边主义行动,最终受影响的是中美双方的消费者和企业。“这是一个双输的选择。在全球化时代,中美经济相互依赖,经济制裁无法解决贸易争端。”

美国外交学会资深研究员爱德华·奥尔登对新华社记者说,相关各方有必要重启多边贸易谈判并作出妥协,“遏制保护主义的唯一途径是通过国际谈判来解决各方关切”。

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