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欧洲多国掀起反游客抗议 或因当地政策不得人心

2017-08-13 11:52:37   央广网

(原标题:欧洲多国掀起反游客抗议或因当地民生政策不得人心)

央广网北京8月13日消息据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道,每逢夏季,欧洲都成为无数人向往的旅游胜地,而到了这个时候,欧洲也将迎来旅游旺季。旅行给游客带来的是兴奋,却给目的地居民带来了烦恼。比如水城威尼斯有居民5.5万名,而每年接待游客却超过2000万人次。终于,在上个月,威尼斯的2000名居民上街游行,抗议旅游业导致本地房租上涨、巨型游轮污染水环境。其实不光是在威尼斯,近些年,欧洲多个国家都出现反游客的抗议,反对蜂拥而至的游客破坏他们原有的平静。

近日,西班牙、意大利的几处旅游胜地就发生游行示威,民众以此抗议大量游客“入侵”带来的负面影响。为此,世界旅游组织呼吁各地政府在发展旅游业的同时加强监管,疏解旅游业给本地居民造成的困扰。欧洲居民到底为什么反游客?旅游业发展与当地环境和居民生活之间怎样寻求平衡?

近日,在西班牙旅游名城巴塞罗那,伴随着世界各地游客的纷至沓来,当地居民的抗议标语也集中出没。人们在路边播放抗议录音和音乐,摆放标语牌,上面写着“这不是旅游业,这是入侵”。还有的居民在阳台上悬挂标语,“欢迎游客。假期公寓出租毁掉了这一带原有的社会文化生活,并引来投机者,许多本地居民被迫搬离。祝你玩得愉快。”这样的抗议在巴塞罗那2015年就出现过,当时有居民抱怨:“我们现在听到的是说旅游业失控了。我们希望恢复城市的公共领导地位。我们很清楚我们需要高质量的旅游环境,但高质量的旅游环境取决于当地居民的生活质量。”

今年,在极左翼政党影响下,加泰罗尼亚的部分青年派人挡住旅游巴士,割破巴士轮胎,在车上喷涂“旅游业扼杀居民生活”字样。抗议蔓延到欧洲其他国家。上月,意大利古城威尼斯的2000名居民上街游行,抗议旅游业导致本地房租上涨、巨型游轮污染水环境。英国牛津前市长克拉克森早前在社交网站发文,指旅客无礼的态度令暑假期间的牛津成为“游客地狱”。北京法学会旅游法研究会副会长、北二外教授韩玉灵说,日本也有因游客太多而影响当地人生活的情况。她表示,从旅游业发展来说,旅游业发展起来以后,人越多,这个地方的生活一定会受到影响。

不过,仔细听听西班牙的这些抗议声音会发现,有些抗议并非指向游客。加泰罗尼亚居民吉布森-黑梅内斯说,有些抗议者并不是反游客,反的是政府。“政府为了游客来了收钱,没有下限,没有规范游客的行为,影响了正常生活秩序。当地人不开心。政府收了钱,但是太腐败了,并没有投入到社会中,比如治安、医疗、教育、交通等等。民众承担了秩序混乱并没有带来回报,反而失业越来越严重。天天看着游客大把花钱,肆无忌惮挑战社会规则,自己又失业,谁能不生气。”

事实上,谁都清楚,旺盛的旅游业能给当地经济带来创收,如果处理的好,谁会反对自己的家乡受人欢迎?韩玉灵指出,反游客情绪与欧洲整体经济不景气、政府无法解决社会问题不无关系。在发达地区,大量游客拥入以后一定会带来供给不足,而在不发达的地区,这种情况也会带来物价的上涨。

随着本地居民呼声越发强烈,各地政府也采取了行动。比如:巴塞罗那计划向一部分游客收税;威尼斯首次尝试限制游客进入部分区域等等。巴塞罗那旅游局官员因格纳斯-德拉斯说:“格纳斯巴塞罗那欢迎游客光临。但我们现在必须意识到要维护游客的满意度。只有提升游客的满意度,我们才会继续受游客欢迎。”

英国新经济基金会研究员邓肯·麦卡恩认为,当地民生政策不得人心,才是反游客抗议的真正诱因。韩玉灵也表示,旅游发展与保障当地居民的生活质量如何相得益彰,需要旅游目的地政府对当地旅游业发展的准确定位。

责任编辑:曲格林 CN064
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