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记者手记:美国媒体“曲线抗议”特朗普气候政策

2017-08-09 18:42:25   新华网

新华社华盛顿8月8日电 记者手记:美国媒体“曲线抗议”特朗普气候政策

新华社记者林小春

近两日,美国舆论纷纷报道两条与气候变化相关的新闻。一条是美国联邦政府部门科学家“担心受压制”,所以“泄露”一份唱反调的气候报告草稿;另一条是美国农业部下属机构据称建议员工避用“气候变化”一词。从时间上看,这似乎表达了舆论抗议特朗普政府上周正式向联合国表达退出《巴黎协定》的意愿。

气候报告草稿由13个美国联邦政府部门的科学家联合编撰而成,600多页的全文被美国《纽约时报》率先公布在其网站上。据悉,美国环保署和能源部等13个政府机构组成的一个白宫委员会将于8月18日正式批准这份报告草案。

这家与有线电视新闻网(CNN)一道常被美国特朗普总统称为“假新闻”的美国主流大报,8日以《充满警告的气候报告等待总统批准》为题发表了头版报道。有意思的是,该报还加了两个简短副题,一个是“担心受压制”,另一个是“研究指出对今日美国之影响 面临不明确之命运”。

这份报告是每4年发布一次的美国《国家气候评估报告》的科学部分,内容与2014年报告的结论大同小异,即自1980年以来美国极端气候事件迅速增多,美国人现在已感受到气候变化所带来的影响。报告强调,许多证据都表明人类的活动尤其是温室气体排放,是导致近来所观察到的气候变化的主要因素。

这些观点虽然与全球学术界主流观点相一致,但与特朗普政府的观点“唱反调”。特朗普政府的许多官员质疑气候变化问题的科学性,特朗普更是开历史倒车,于6月1日宣布退出应对气候变化的《巴黎协定》。8月4日,美国向联合国递交文书,正式表达退出《巴黎协定》的意愿,此举遭到国际社会的批评。

《纽约时报》报道说,一些科学家担心特朗普政府在报告正式公布前“可能修改或压制这份报告”。

白宫新闻发言人萨拉·桑德斯在一份声明中说,《纽约时报》的报道“令人极其失望,但是完全可预料”,并表示,“白宫在报告计划的发布日期之前不会对任何草稿发表评论”。同时,她还批评了《纽约时报》对一份尚未完成的草案进行了报道。

另一条新闻则由英国《卫报》率先曝出,此后美国媒体纷纷跟进报道。内容大意是,今年2月16日,美国农业部下属自然资源保护局土壤问题负责人给员工发了一份邮件,要求替换一系列术语的用法。例如,建议把“气候变化”替换为“极端天气”,而“气候变化适应”替换为“弹性应对极端天气”,而“减少温室气体”替换为难以理解的“开发土壤有机质,增加营养使用效率”。

特朗普刚上任不久,自然资源保护局官员就在另一封邮件中指出,前任奥巴马政府的一个优先项目很显然与特朗普政府的并不一致,并明确点出这个优先项目就是气候变化。

在这些邮件曝光后,自然资源保护局发言人赶紧对美国媒体澄清,该机构并没有从美国农业部或特朗普政府那里收到必须这么修改的指示。

不过,今年4月底,美国环保局官网全新改版,主要修改了与气候相关的所谓“过时”内容,尤其是奥巴马政府制定的旨在减少发电厂碳排放的《清洁电力计划》,以反映环保局“在特朗普总统和斯科特·普鲁伊特局长领导下的新方向”。

特朗普曾称气候变化是“骗局”,特朗普政府提出的2018财年联邦政府预算也提议停止向一些联合国应对气候变化项目拨款,并大幅削减美国环保局的预算。国际社会对特朗普政府退出《巴黎协定》“极其失望”。前总统奥巴马批评说,美国“加入了少数拒绝未来的国家行列”。

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