新闻 > 国际
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China

英媒:信贷危机的教训

2017-08-09 15:22:25   新华网

英国金融时报网9日报道称,信贷危机爆发10年后的两大问题是,全球金融体系现在能够胜任它的使命吗?发达经济体现在是否容易再次发生同等程度的危机?

标志着历史上最严重金融危机开始的信贷危机爆发已有10年,两个重要问题出现了。经过了大量补救工作之后,全球金融体系现在能够胜任它的使命吗?发达经济体现在是否容易再次发生同等程度的危机?

随着美国和英国经济表现出持续(尽管并不令人兴奋)的增长,同时欧元区终于出现同步好转,银行似乎不再拖累复苏。美联储在最近的货币政策报告中表示,美国金融体系的脆弱性依然不太严重。欧洲和日本的央行官员们也附和这一点。然而,基本面没有那么简单。

众所周知,美国银行体系的脆弱性低于欧洲银行体系,这是因为美国政策制定者汲取了早先日本兴衰的教训。其中一些教训是:在危机后及时确认损失很重要,要进行严格的压力测试,有必要在仔细研判的情况下加强银行资产负债表,同时保持流向实体经济的信贷流。

相比之下,在欧元区,政策制定者不愿直面主权债务危机的挑战。压力测试没有压力,银行相对美国来说依然资本不足。南欧受到不良贷款的困扰。整个欧元区的银行大量持有本国政府的债务。

这突显出人们的一个重要感觉,即银行体系并不能胜任使命。尽管危机后略作调整,但巴塞尔风险加权资本充足制度仍存在根本的缺陷。主权债务被过于优待,因此欧元区银行的资产负债表上充斥着负债累累的政府的债务。同样,说英语国家的问题是对抵押贷款过于优待,这鼓励了资产价格泡沫,使得年轻人买不起住房。

至于金融稳定受到的威胁,自2008年美国雷曼兄弟破产以来,监管机构进行了大量改革。改革旨在遏制过度的风险承担,减少对融资批发市场的依赖,并确保破产银行的有序清算。监管机构还出台了宏观审慎政策,如贷款与估值比率上限和逆周期资本要求等。然而,金融体系依然存在弱点。

最大的弱点之一是不对称的货币政策,有“央行的央行”之称的国际清算银行早就指出这一点。自美联储前主席艾伦·格林斯潘2006年结束美联储主席任期以来,各央行出现了在经济低迷期间激进宽松、经济繁荣时却不收紧的倾向。这导致了利率的向下偏差和债务的向上偏差。在主要国家当中,政府债务自危机以来螺旋式上升,但值得注意的是德国例外。

以如今极低的利率(得益于央行的量化宽松政策)来看,这似乎是可控的。然而,这也是一种债务陷阱,除非债券市场崩溃,否则可能很难逃脱,而债券市场崩溃将导致政府借债成本上升,同时损害银行资产负债表上资产的价值。

同样有问题的是,规模太大且相互联系太紧密而不能倒闭的银行,自危机以来通过并购规模越来越大。风险不透明而且集中,尤其是在衍生品敞口方面。许多银行因为太大而难以管理。摩根大通被普遍认为是管理最佳的国际银行。但是当一群交易员2012年在一场所谓的“伦敦鲸”丑闻中亏损60亿美元的时候,显然纽约最高管理层绝对不知道发生了什么情况。

政策制定者对这种“大到不能倒”问题的解决办法是银行内部纾困,即让债权人承担使濒临倒闭的银行恢复健康的成本,以此保护纳税人。然而,一些人担心,内部纾困将不足以应付全面的系统性危机,而且协调跨境解决方案也将很难。

即便如此,如今也不太可能爆发10年前开始的那种危机,因为信贷扩张还没有达到泡沫的程度。风险更多在于发生一场非典型的危机:各央行在退出量化宽松时出错,债券市场利率飙升,从而暴露出过度负债的经济体系的脆弱,并促使央行恢复超级宽松的货币政策。

由此导致的损失有多大会落在银行债权人或纳税人身上,是个悬而未决的问题,最终也是个政治问题。

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170809/31061817.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 00:37:54

Powered by China
China