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“气候变化”成特朗普政府禁用语 科学结论被视为垃圾

2017-08-09 06:05:02   中国青年网

【环球时报驻美国特派记者 张朋辉环球时报特约记者高文宇】特朗普政府试图抹杀“气候变化”概念?近日,美国农业部的内部工作邮件显示,该部门的官员要求下属在谈论气候问题时避用一些词汇,如“气候变化(Climate Change)”,取而代之的则是“极端天气”(Weather Extremes)。这项举措引发巨大争议。美国总统特朗普对就气候问题所达成的学界共识长期持否定态度,已对美国联邦政府的工作产生影响。

美国《国会山报》7日援引英国《卫报》的报道称,美国农业部下属自然资源保护局的工作邮件内容显示,该机构官员要求员工在工作场合避免使用“气候变化”等词汇,并发布了“术语替换列表”。其中,“气候变化”被替换为“极端天气”,而“适应气候变化”则被改为“适应极端天气或极端气象事件”,等等。术语的变化引发了工作人员的质疑与困惑。今年4月,纽约一名员工在电子邮件中询问,如果在农业部以外的机构发表文章,是否可以直接使用“气候变化”一词,她得到的回应是“最好打电话确认一下”。还有一些员工直接表达了不满,有人在上月5日的一封邮件中表示,出于对科研的尊重,“我们更希望保留原术语”。

美国自然资源保护局土地资源部门主管克鲁尼此前在一封邮件中解释称,术语变更只是“换了个叫法”,并非从本质上改变概念。而据另一名未透露姓名的官员表示,这些变更是为了更好地迎合新一届政府,以确保自然资源保护局能继续就气候变化问题开展工作。《国会山报》称,新术语表是否已经被整个农业部采纳,目前尚不得而知。

美国政治博客“思想进步”7日称,在气候术语上玩文字游戏并非特朗普政府的专利。2015年,时任农业部长维尔萨克曾表示,政府工作人员在与美国农民探讨“气候变化”问题时,常用“天气变化”(Weather Variation)一词来替代。这是因为,大部分美国农民并不认同“气候变化”的概念,同时该词汇带有一定的政治色彩,使用替代词可以更顺畅地和农民讨论气候问题。但与此不同的是,英国《卫报》的报道显然揭露出了特朗普政府“不可告人的意图”——本届政府试图从工作议程中“抹掉”气候变化这一问题,毕竟它从来都不被特朗普视为当务之急。这一点早在特朗普进入白宫之初,农业部官员们就已有所察觉。自然资源保护局副局长布兰布利特今年1月在一封邮件中写道:“很明显,两届政府对气候变化问题的看法存在差异。请让你部员工留意高层的态度变化。”

“思想进步”博客称,特朗普当政以来,几乎废除了奥巴马在应对气候问题方面留下的全部遗产,从推翻《清洁能源计划》到退出《巴黎协定》。特朗普不仅本身对气候问题“不买账”,还提拔备受争议的“反气候问题”人士出任要职。上月他提名的农业部首席科学家萨姆·克洛维就是一个典型。克洛维不仅对气候变化问题持“极度怀疑”态度,甚至还将这一问题称作“垃圾科学”。如今,高层的态度变化更是影响到了政府工作的多个方面。《国会山报》举例称,美国环保局今年4月从官方网站上移除了涉及气候变化的页面内容,白宫和内政部方面此前也删除了气候变化灾害的相关警示内容。

《卫报》称,特朗普政府的系列举措引发学界的强烈谴责。美国非营利机构“生物多样性研究中心”法律人士汤森表示,特朗普的系列举措影响了科学研究,如果联邦政府部门的环境工作者必须迎合特朗普的“反科学论调”,那么这种趋势不仅危及整个国家、甚至会影响到全球。据了解,“生物多样性研究中心”目前已就气候问题对多个政府部门提起诉讼。

“华盛顿观察”网站评论称,特朗普一直都对气候变化持怀疑态度。不过,该网站向自然资源保护局求证农业部是否发布了相关的指导意见时,自然资源保护局称,尚未接到通知,“新政府发给一小部分工作人员的邮件,不能反映农业部高层政策方向的变化。”

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