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中韩合作让沙漠变成绿洲(事件新闻)

2017-08-08 03:34:08   中国青年网

随着“绿水青山就是金山银山”的发展理念深入人心,“沙漠治理”已成为中西部地区关注的重要生态问题。日前,笔者深入内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟正蓝旗宝绍岱诺尔盐碱干湖盆采访时发现,当地盐碱干湖盆的治理工作取得明显进展,生态环境明显改善。

沙化治理任务重

草原咸水湖干涸以后,湖盆一片白茫茫,会积蓄大量的盐碱粉尘和黏土粉尘,经大风卷起形成尘暴,被称为“盐碱尘暴”。这种尘暴会对人民生活生产和周边生态环境造成严重破坏。

据专家介绍,盐碱尘暴来临时,人和牲畜浑身是白色的盐碱粉尘,盐碱粉尘吸进呼吸道造成呼吸困难、咳嗽、打喷嚏、眼睛红。盐碱粉尘还会造成长达几十公里的扇形盐碱粉尘污染带,降雨以后,盐碱物质进入土壤,导致植被消失,土地沙化。

宝绍岱诺尔(“诺尔”在蒙语中意为湖泊),距北京约470公里,处于东亚大气环流的上风方的内蒙古荒漠地区。长期以来,这里地表植被覆盖极为稀少,草原退化严重,形成了近3万亩盐碱地。土地沙化、水资源匮乏、生态环境脆弱,让人难以相信这里曾经是一片水草丰美的牧场。

为了更好地治理和修复当地生态环境,当地政府与韩国“生态和平亚洲”环保组织开展合作,共同努力,10年间在内蒙古自治区连续展开了“查干诺尔盐碱干湖盆治理”以及“宝绍岱诺尔盐碱干湖盆治理”两期生态项目。2018年,“宝绍岱诺尔盐碱干湖盆治理”项目将圆满完成,与第一期查干诺尔项目合计完成约9000万平方米的植被种植。

生态修复多样化

为了发展宝绍岱诺尔盐碱干湖盆地区的植物多样性,2016年5月现代汽车集团联合韩国“生态和平亚洲”环保组织一起在宝绍岱诺尔基地附近投资建设了现代生态园苗圃基地,苗圃基地拥有数个育苗大棚、地下种子贮藏室和上百亩的培育苗圃。参与治沙的韩国专家朴祥镐告诉笔者,内蒙古地区有很多地方不能开发,能拥有这样一个苗圃已经很不简单了。

苗圃内主要培育多年生的红柳、乌柳和芦苇等植物。培育好的幼苗再移栽到盐碱干湖盆里去,使盆地生态朝多样化方向修复和发展。据在这里工作的志愿者们介绍,他们的主要任务就是用红柳枝建设沙障,阻挡沙尘的前进,给后期种植碱蓬创造环境。通过建设沙障,种植碱蓬、碱茅等植物,吸碱压尘,控制盐碱沙尘。

“第一期查干诺尔盐碱干湖盆治理时,我们种植的都是一年生植被碱蓬,但通过近两年的研究后发现,芦苇这样的多年生植物会起到更好的治理效果,而且还能大大降低成本。”朴祥镐说,在中国地质科学院地质研究所、内蒙古农业大学等单位专家的共同努力下,盐碱干湖盆的治理形成了一套科学有效的方法。

十年防治见成效

近年来,内蒙古自治区聚焦荒漠化防治,尊重生态文化、重视牧民力量,治沙行动取得积极进展,呈现出“荒漠变绿洲”的可喜景象,绿色发展势头明显。

2008年到2013年,第一期盐碱干湖盆治理项目顺利实施,经过2000余名志愿者和当地环保人士的共同努力,草原恢复面积达5000万平方米。从2014年起,第二期治理项目启动实施。该项目总投资约1400万元,计划派遣志愿者2200余名,计划到2018年治理荒漠面积4000万平方米。

“这几年我们不断在挫折中摸索、学习、改进。虽然困难重重,但我们相信这些年的辛勤努力是值得的,明年一定会收获喜人成果。如果未来继续开展第三期的治理项目,我相信‘内蒙古治沙’可以越做越好。”朴祥镐说。

“在现代汽车‘绿色移动’的理念下,我们一直在做环保相关的公益项目。内蒙古相比较其他地区,盐碱荒漠化情况更为严重,而荒漠化防治正是近年来中国政府和全社会积极关注和提倡的。因此,企业在这方面尽到力所能及的社会责任也是应该的。”现代汽车(中国)投资有限公司品牌营销部经理吴雁冰说。

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