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新华社北京8月5日电 科学家对希腊及其周边地区发现的古人遗骸进行基因分析,追溯古希腊克里特人和迈锡尼人的血统,为探索欧洲最早青铜文明的起源提供了新线索。
爱琴海地区的克里特文明和迈锡尼文明属于古希腊青铜时代,是欧洲最早的文明。克里特文明大约存在于公元前3100年至公元前1500年,迈锡尼文明紧随其后。这两个文明拥有丰富的文化,古希腊文学和神话故事大多数都与它们有关。它们从何而来、血统上有什么关系,此前一直是个谜。
来自美国和欧洲多家机构的研究人员组成的团队在英国《自然》杂志上报告说,他们研究了出土自爱琴海地区墓葬、遗址等地的19具古人遗骸,从牙齿和骨骼中提取DNA(脱氧核糖核酸),进行基因组分析,与现代人基因进行对比。
数据显示,克里特人和迈锡尼人在遗传上相当接近,都有至少四分之三的血统源自古代安纳托利亚和爱琴海地区的新石器农民,其余部分主要来自东方的高加索和伊朗人。区别在于,迈锡尼人还有一点东欧和西伯利亚的狩猎者的血统,可能是从北方通过欧亚大草原或亚美尼亚迁徙过来的。
研究还发现,古爱琴海地区居民的变迁是一个连续的过程;现代希腊人与迈锡尼人更为相似。这项成果也引发了新的问题,比如克里特人和迈锡尼人的共同祖先是在什么时候获得了东方血统,迈锡尼人的北方祖先是如何向爱琴海地区迁徙的。
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