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丰田新劳动制度:不加班也付加班费 强制5连休

2017-08-05 07:33:55   中国经济网

据《日本经济新闻》8月3日报道,日本丰田汽车决定扩大“裁量劳动制”的适用范围。裁量劳动制是指,允许员工采取自由工作方式的制度。丰田的适用范围将包括事务岗位和技术岗位的股长级别人员,比日本的法律规定范围还大,新制度的方案将提交给工会。在新制度下,不论加班时间多少,丰田均支付相当于45小时的加班费。此外,超出45小时部分还额外支付。丰田将在现行法律框架内率先实行政府推进讨论的“工资与时间脱钩”方式。

在自动驾驶等领域,汽车行业与美国谷歌等其他行业的竞争日益激烈。丰田认为有必要通过工作上的张弛有度来提高创造性和生产效率。此外,在专业性强的技术人员中也出现了认为一刀切的时间管理存在弊端的声音。

丰田在8月1日前将新制度的方案提交给工会,计划在得到批准后于12月开始实施。预计丰田将是首家引入这种制度的日本大型车企。

新制度的适用对象为承担事务和研发工作、30多岁的股长级(主任级)综合岗位员工,总人数约7800人。占整个非管理岗位半数的新人等年轻员工不在此列。若希望适用新制度,需由本人提出申请并经由丰田批准。丰田之前已经引入了裁量劳动制,但适用的只有约1700名主任级别员工。

按照新制度,不论加多少班,每月均发放相当于45小时加班费的17万日元(约合人民币1.03万元)。17万日元相当于通常情况下主任岗位裁量劳动津贴的1.5倍左右。预计丰田将把以往的人事与薪资体系调整措施中剩余的调整工资作为本金向员工发放,但如果对象人数超出设想,也可能导致人事费用增加。

日本推行的裁量劳动制一般情况下不再额外支付加班费,但丰田的新制度不同,公司将把握实际工作量,每月加班超过45小时的部分仍会另行支付。此外,只要遵守规定的工作时间,每周到公司出勤2个小时以上即可在家工作。

为防止“过劳”,丰田还关注健康管理。方案适用对象除暑假和岁末年初等小长假外,还强制实行工作日5连休。如果假期未休完,下一年将取消适用新制度的资格。如果加班时间超过一定水平,还会要求员工接受体检。

另外,丰田最早还将在12月以一般业务岗位为对象启动在家工作的制度,有育儿和看护需求的员工将成为适用对象。工作时间内在公司4个小时即可,剩余时间可以在家工作。在日本企业中,为一般岗位设置在家工作制度非常罕见,丰田将协助员工实现育儿、看护和工作的兼顾。

新的在家工作制度的适用对象为主力业务岗位员工,共计约4200人,以女性员工为主。有小学4年级以下孩子、有需要看护的家人时,员工可选择在家工作。员工只要提前一周申请,即可获得上司批准。入职不满一年和即将退休的员工不适用此项制度。

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