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财经观察:德国汽车金字招牌为何褪色

2017-08-04 16:03:54   新华网

  转型迟缓 竞争力削弱

德国汽车金字招牌褪色,转型迟缓也是重大拖累。

就在法国和英国相继宣布将于2040年禁售燃油车时,德国却还在召开“柴油车峰会”。德国绿党领袖奥利弗·克里舍尔尖锐地指出,当中国、美国、挪威等多国企业大力发展电动汽车时,“德国却正把自己变成一个柴油车博物馆”。

分析人士认为,柴油车之所以对德国汽车制造商格外重要,不仅因为柴油发动机是德国人的发明创造,更因为德国本土柴油车市场巨大。德国目前约有1500万辆柴油车,占德国汽车总量约三分之一,柴油车销量也曾在相当长的一段时间内超过汽油车。对历史的留念和对利益的追逐拖慢了各大车企的转型速度。

转型迟缓自然削弱竞争力,让“德国制造”在快速发展的当今世界丧失先机。如今,德国主要汽车制造商在欧洲的市场份额仅为36%。他们一边要应付来自日本、法国、英国、韩国和美国的传统劲敌,另一边还要面对特斯拉等电动汽车制造商的挑战。

英国《金融时报》评论说,面对特斯拉Model3的交付,德国汽车制造业“除了嫉妒,便只有惊慌失措了”。“戴姆勒会不会像德国收音机公司根德一样逐渐走向沉寂?”《金融时报》问出了对“德国制造”的深深忧虑。

  放松纵容 监管漏洞大

德国汽车金字招牌褪色,政府责任不可推卸。

德国政府与汽车企业关系密切,德国总理默克尔曾力推欧洲放松排放限制。在英法两国宣布将禁售燃油车时,德国政府却还在为柴油车辩护,不愿给出禁售燃油车的具体时间表。

德国政府对汽车制造业的“纵容”是有客观原因的。毕竟,汽车业在德国国内创造了80万就业岗位,在全国企业收入中所占比重约为20%。此外,汽车业也是德国最大出口行业,占德国总出口额约20%,是“德国制造”的主要代言人之一。

同时,汽车业游说团体力量强大,得到政府的“特殊关爱”自然更加容易。德国《图片报》爆料称,德国监管部门早在2016年年初就知晓保时捷使用“作弊软件”,却在保时捷高层游说后,更改了调查报告的措辞,包庇保时捷公司。

刚刚结束的“柴油车峰会”,也被看做是德国政府为车企召集的一次“危机公关”。德国《商报》说,政客们只想尽快找到一个快速有效的方法阻止危机升级,帮助汽车制造商避免柴油车禁令。

对于这次峰会,杜伊斯堡-埃森大学汽车研究中心主任费迪南德·杜登赫费尔评价说,所有人都是“输家”。他认为,德国政府本应借此推行更多改革,对汽车行业实施更严格的监管标准。

正如德国媒体普遍认同的那样,德国汽车金字招牌褪色,企业并不是唯一责任方。

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