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财经观察:德国汽车金字招牌为何褪色

2017-08-04 16:03:54   新华网

新华社柏林8月3日电 财经观察:德国汽车金字招牌为何褪色

新华社记者 乔继红

1955年8月的一天,在德国沃尔夫斯堡的大众汽车公司生产线前,人群欢庆第100万辆甲壳虫车下线。那时的德国汽车制造业,代表的是高效、可靠、精确、力求完美和永不停歇的创新精神,是“德国制造”的金字招牌,是德国的荣耀。

2017年8月2日,德国政府部门和汽车业大佬在柏林结束一整天的闭门会议后,宣布了挽救德国柴油车命运的新举措,却招致一片质疑之声。此时的德国汽车制造业,深陷丑闻,国际声誉岌岌可危。

数十年岁月间,德国汽车这个金字招牌一步步艰难铸就,却又为何黯然褪色?

  作弊欺诈 诚信度受损

德国汽车金字招牌褪色,诚信受损是根本原因。

德国交通部长亚历山大·多布林特2日在“柴油车峰会”后说:“德国汽车企业一步步将自身带入困境……‘德国制造’声誉因此受损,由此产生的风险可能是致命的。”

在甲壳虫汽车走出德国、赢得欧洲乃至世界青睐的当年,诚信和可靠是“德国制造”的立身之本。然而如今,正如戴姆勒公司董事长蔡澈所说,德国汽车制造业“丢失了信任”。德国民调机构埃姆尼德的一项调查结果显示,超过半数的德国人认为德国车企“不可信”。

2015年9月,大众在美国首次曝出柴油车“排放门”丑闻,被指在部分柴油车上安装了应付尾气排放检测的“作弊软件”。今年1月,大众在美国承认欺诈等3项罪名,之后在全球召回逾1200万辆问题车。

此后,德国汽车制造商的柴油车“排放门”丑闻不断蔓延升级。今年6月,大众子公司奥迪被证实在A8等多款柴油车上安装尾气作弊软件。7月,戴姆勒也卷入“排放门”,不得不在欧洲召回300万辆柴油车。保时捷卡宴3.0柴油车中也发现“作弊软件”。

7月底,德国《明镜》周刊首次披露的德国汽车业卡特尔内幕更是震惊世界。报道称,大众、奥迪、宝马、保时捷和戴姆勒串通多年,就技术、成本、供应商等达成一致,联手操纵市场。

德国汽车经济学教授斯特凡·布拉策尔感叹:“一连串事件表明,德国汽车业的商业伦理和文化已生巨变。”

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