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研究称南亚热浪本世纪末可能很致命

2017-08-04 13:16:53   新华网

新华社华盛顿8月3日电(记者林小春)南亚是全球五分之一人口生活的家园。然而美国《科学进展》杂志发表的一项最新研究显示,到本世纪末,南亚一些地方的夏季热浪将会“超过人类能够存活的上限”。

这项由香港科技大学助理教授林银顺和麻省理工学院教授法提赫·埃尔塔希尔等人合作完成的研究说,如果不大幅减排,按现有趋势看,只要再过几十年,印度、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国的一些地区将会遭遇“超过致命水平”的热浪袭击。为这一地区提供大部分粮食供给的恒河与印度河流域尤其堪忧。

研究人员指出,炎热天气的致命影响,不仅来自温度,也来自湿度,即所谓“湿球温度”。高湿球温度意味着人体散热困难,难以维持正常的身体温度。当湿球温度达到35摄氏度,人类在没有保护的情况下将只能活几个小时。

目前的湿球温度记录显示,在过去几十年中,全球很少有地区的湿球温度曾达到31摄氏度以上。然而电脑模拟结果显示,如果不大幅减少温室气体排放,到2100年,南亚大部分地区的湿球温度将接近35摄氏度的人类存活上限水平,尤其印度北部、孟加拉国等地的湿球温度甚至会超过35摄氏度;在年平均湿球温度为31摄氏度环境下生活的南亚人口比例会从目前的零增至2100年的30%。

而如果世界各国遵守全球应对气候变化的《巴黎协定》,电脑模拟结果显示,到2100年生活在年平均湿球温度为31摄氏度环境下的南亚人口比例为2%。

研究人员认为,这些发现对应对气候变化及制定相关政策措施具有重要意义。“如果采取缓解措施,我们将有希望避免这些预测的严重后果,它们并不是无法避免。”埃尔塔希尔在一份声明中写道。

近几十年来,南亚致命热浪的发生频率呈明显上升趋势。比如,2015年,有历史记录以来的第五大致命热浪袭击印度和巴基斯坦大部分地区,导致约3500人死亡。

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