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媒体:美退出巴黎协定难阻应对气候变化全球大势

2017-06-05 01:56:05   经济参考报

原标题:美国“退约”难阻应对气候变化的全球大势

特朗普。资料图

记者 杨骏 林小春 黄堃 北京报道

6月1日,美国总统特朗普宣布美国退出《巴黎协定》的决定。从联合国秘书长古特雷斯到美国匹兹堡的普通市民,全世界对特朗普这一决定都表达了遗憾、失望与批评。

2015年12月12日,《联合国气候变化框架公约》196个缔约方在巴黎气候变化大会上通过《巴黎协定。全场爆发出雷鸣般的掌声,与会代表们欢呼、拥抱,一些人甚至喜极而泣。这充分体现了各国对《巴黎协定》的肯定。

经过不到一年的开放签署,2016年10月5日,《巴黎协定》已达到生效的门槛:至少55个《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方(其温室气体排放量占全球总排放量至少约55%)交存批准、接受、核准或加入文书。30天后,《巴黎协定》正式生效,成为有史以来生效最快的多边国际条约之一。协定的达成与快速生效,反映了世界各国共同应对气候变化的广泛共识和强烈政治意愿,成果来之不易。

这份协定为2020年后全球合作应对气候变化问题指明了方向和目标,确立了以国家自主贡献为核心的“自下而上”的减排或限排温室气体的模式,坚持了“共同但有区别的责任”原则,就减缓、适应、资金、技术等各要素作出了相对平衡的处理,传递了全球向绿色低碳经济转型的信号,具有里程碑意义。协定要求发达国家继续提出全经济范围绝对量减排指标,鼓励发展中国家根据自身国情逐步向全经济范围绝对量减排或限排目标迈进。明确发达国家要继续向发展中国家提供资金支持,鼓励其他国家在自愿基础上出资。这是一份全面、均衡、有力度的协定!

特朗普政府“退约”的理由是,协定将给美国带来“苛刻财政和经济负担”。一方面,为达到自主贡献目标的节能减排措施将损害美国煤炭、石油等产业,减少就业;另一方面,按协定的要求,美国作为全球最大的发达国家,有义务为联合国“绿色气候基金”出资。

众多专家指出,这些理由站不住脚。因为美国传统能源产业创造就业机会的潜力已难以挖掘,而新能源创造的就业机会早已超过煤炭、石油等产业。为“绿色气候基金”出资,实则提升了美国的国际形象和软实力,进而也有助于美国的商业利益。

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