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新华社:美国“退约”难阻应对气候变化的全球大势

2017-06-04 22:06:05   新华网

原标题:(国际观察)美国“退约”难阻应对气候变化的全球大势

新华社北京6月4日电

新华社记者

6月1日,美国总统特朗普在白宫玫瑰园举行发布会,宣布美国退出《巴黎协定》的决定。

而在白宫正门外,数百美国民众举着“退出《巴黎协定》是一场噩梦”、“没有《巴黎协定》,美国落在最后”等标语牌,高喊“可耻”口号,抗议特朗普在气候治理问题上“开倒车”。

从联合国秘书长古特雷斯到美国匹兹堡的普通市民,全世界对特朗普这一决定都表达了遗憾、失望与批评。

协定凝聚的共识

时钟拨回到2015年12月12日,《联合国气候变化框架公约》196个缔约方在巴黎气候变化大会上通过《巴黎协定》,为2020年后全球应对气候变化行动作出安排。

当大会主席、时任法国外长法比尤斯敲槌宣布协定通过的那一刻,全场爆发出雷鸣般的掌声,与会代表们欢呼、拥抱,一些人甚至喜极而泣。这充分体现了各国对《巴黎协定》的肯定。

经过不到一年的开放签署,2016年10月5日,《巴黎协定》已经达到生效的门槛:至少55个《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方(其温室气体排放量占全球总排放量至少约55%)交存批准、接受、核准或加入文书。30天后,《巴黎协定》正式生效,成为有史以来生效最快的多边国际条约之一。

《巴黎协定》的达成与快速生效,反映了世界各国共同应对气候变化的广泛共识和强烈政治意愿,成果来之不易。

这份协定为2020年后全球合作应对气候变化问题指明了方向和目标,确立了以国家自主贡献为核心的“自下而上”的减排或限排温室气体的模式,坚持了“共同但有区别的责任”原则,就减缓、适应、资金、技术等各要素作出了相对平衡的处理,传递了全球向绿色低碳经济转型的信号,具有里程碑意义。

这份协定重申本世纪末实现2摄氏度的全球温度升高控制目标,同时提出要努力实现1.5摄氏度目标,要求发达国家继续提出全经济范围绝对量减排指标,鼓励发展中国家根据自身国情逐步向全经济范围绝对量减排或限排目标迈进。明确发达国家要继续向发展中国家提供资金支持,鼓励其他国家在自愿基础上出资。

这是一份全面、均衡、有力度的协定,体现了减缓和适应相平衡、行动和支持相匹配、责任和义务相符合、力度雄心和发展空间相协调。

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