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多国专家新加坡批南海仲裁案 谈判才是解决争议必由之道

2016-07-19 02:01:54   环球时报

【环球时报赴新加坡特派记者组联合报道】18日,由中国社会科学院中国边疆研究所主办的南海问题与区域合作发展高端智库学术研讨会在新加坡举行,与会者是来自中国、印度尼西亚、新加坡、马来西亚、泰国、印度、中国台湾等国家和地区的近30名专家学者。“所谓的南海仲裁结果出台后,我们邀请主要东盟国家的学者探讨南海问题,具有特殊意义。”中国社科院中国边疆研究所副所长李国强对《环球时报》记者说。

18日的研讨会总共分为3个议题:海洋争端解决机制、南海争端解决途径和南海区域合作与发展。中国人民大学新闻学院院长、国务院新闻办公室原主任赵启正在研讨会上做主旨发言说,南海仲裁案是一场彻头彻尾的披着法律外衣的闹剧,它在程序、适用法律、证据采用等一系列问题上都存在着重大错误。“拿了大钱,办了脏事,吃相难看,非法无效”,赵启正用一句话给临时仲裁庭下了结论。他表示,回到谈判才是解决中菲南海争议的必由之道。

“南海问题一直是政治问题,不是简单的法律问题。”新加坡国立大学东亚研究所所长郑永年教授在主旨发言中表示,国际海洋法产生于上世纪80年代,南海争端却是个老问题,当事国之间缺乏政治意愿,仅依靠一个非常当代的国际法律去解决问题,实难取得成效。中菲之间有许多政治性协议,双方完全可以通过谈判解决问题。

  “菲律宾动用了大量人力物力,临时仲裁庭也对菲的诉求‘特别青睐’。”泰国国家发展行政学院法学院院长普拉斯特·阿卡普特拉认为,人们可以清楚地从仲裁结果看出仲裁庭的意图。他告诉记者,仲裁庭在岛礁等一些问题上的裁决让人难以接受。仲裁方应当认真征求当事方都认可的科学界的意见,仲裁庭也需要注意到各方通过政治解决的意愿。

  在印度贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁大学国际问题研究院教授斯瓦兰·辛格看来,所谓的仲裁结果不具有权威性。他表示,该结果没有任何政治智慧或实用性,仲裁者无法让裁决付诸实施。事实上,这个法理狭隘的裁决结果只会加剧南海各方冲突。“像美国这样鼓吹中国遵守一边倒裁决的国家,甚至还不是《联合国海洋法公约》的缔约国。”辛格直言不讳地说。

  马来西亚太平洋研究中心智库首席顾问胡逸山18日接受《环球时报》记者采访时表示,他认为在南海课题上,各方目前最欠缺的是相互信任。南海相关各国可考虑通过反恐情报交换、联合打击海盗等行动发展“共建互信”机制。与此同时,各方应该开展渐进式地协商,在渔业互助等方面首先达成实质性成果。此外他表示,“共同开发南海”有助于缓和南海局势。

  柬埔寨战略研究所董事会主席、联合创始人常·万纳瑞斯说,所谓的裁决结果会在某种程度上影响中国和东盟的关系,“我们要保持清醒,不要陷入这种地缘政治游戏的陷阱。”

  赵启正在演讲中强调,南海争议是中国与部分东盟国家之间的问题,不是中国与整个东盟之间的问题。“中国是地区发展的领头羊,从某种程度上说,东南亚经济在过去10多年的发展壮大,归功于中国引擎的带动。”胡逸山对记者说,中国推动建设的亚投行和提出的“一带一路”倡议等,都得到东盟国家的广泛欢迎。万纳瑞斯对记者表示,加强与中国的合作也是东盟国家的意愿,中国与东盟建设命运共同体,对地区发展十分重要。

  参与此次会议协办工作的新加坡南洋理工大学拉惹勒南国际问题研究院副教授李明江18日对《环球时报》记者表示,在南海仲裁案结果出台后短短的时间内,汇聚一批专家学者对仲裁案的内容、程序和后续影响,从不同国家利益和政策角度进行分析,一方面有利于外界理解南海问题及其走向;另一方面,论坛上的各国专家虽然在一些问题上存在分歧,但这种交流有利于了解彼此看法、消除一些误解。

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