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民法总则为中国好人“撑腰” 专家解读做好人的“正确姿势”

2017-09-27 18:17:51   

新华社北京9月27日电题:民法总则为中国好人“撑腰” 专家解读做好人的“正确姿势”

新华社“中国网事”记者

备受关注的《中华人民共和国民法总则》将于10月1日正式实施,其中被俗称为“好人法”的第184条规定“因自愿实施紧急救助行为造成受助人损害的,救助人不承担民事责任。”

新华社“中国网事”记者采访了相关业内人士和法律专家,在他们看来,被视为中国“好人法”的正式实施,将从法律层面鼓励更多人“路见危难,伸出援手”,同时对“英雄流血又流泪”说“No”。

良法为善治 民法总则第184条为好人“撑腰”

从2016年12月到今年3月,民法总则(草案)第184条经历了3次修改。最初的版本是“实施紧急救助行为造成受害人损害的,除有重大过失外,救助人不承担民事责任”。

经过三次修改,大会表决稿删除了前几次审议稿中的“重大过失”字样,仅规定“因自愿实施救助行为造成受助人损害的,救助人不承担民事责任”。

不少业内人士认为,几次修改释放了鼓励大家见义勇为的明确信号。

“第184条回应了近几年老人倒地不敢扶等社会热点问题。几乎每个人都有可能遇到突发状况,一旦倒地不起,大家面临三种选择,一是等待公力救援,这种救援很难做到非常及时;二是亲友来救助,但很多时候也无法第一时间联系到亲友;常态是发生意外后身边的人能够进行帮助。第184条填补了此前的法律空白,规范了这类行为,从法律层面鼓励更多人勇敢伸出援手。”北京大学法学院教授王成说。

“从国外的法律规定和司法实践情况看,也都有类似的‘好人法’,旨在鼓励见义勇为。立法的目的在于鼓励见义勇为,保护热心救助人,免除其后顾之忧,倡导和培育乐于助人的良好道德风尚,树立和弘扬社会主义核心价值观。”最高人民法院民一庭庭长程新文说。

王成告诉记者,除了第184条,民法总则第121条规范了没有法定义务或约定义务的情况下,为避免他人利益受损进行管理的行为,帮助他人的人有权请求受益人支付为此产生的费用。

王成举例说,比如受益人心脏病摔倒被好人送到医院,他应该支付打车费。第183条避免“英雄流血又流泪”的情况,如果好人因为救人行为受到损害,侵权人要承担损失,受益人可以自愿给予适当的补偿。如果没有侵权人,或者侵权人逃逸、没有能力承担损失时,受益人应当给予适当的补偿。

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