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熬夜不好却为何戒不了? 即时回报优先心理作祟

2017-09-26 06:41:54   央广网

最近,朋友圈被一篇名为《失联九天,一度被下病危通知书……》的文章刷屏。文章作者自曝脑出血经历,大有九死一生之惊险。讲述生死故事之余,作者将此次发病归咎于熬夜等不健康的生活习惯,殷殷嘱咐:“一定要规律作息,朝六晚十。”诸如“器官睡眠有多重要”“睡6小时与8小时面容对比”之类帖子趁热出炉,一众转发党更高声疾呼“真的不要再熬夜了”。

然而,有用吗?“不要熬夜”是和“多喝热水”并驾齐驱的经典劝诫箴言。劝来劝去,仍有23%以上的国人保持着长期熬夜的习惯(据《2016中国睡眠指数》)。为什么明知熬夜不好,却总是黑着眼眶熬着夜呢?不妨一起来看看“熬夜的心理机制”。

自虐人设

“我倒想早睡,客户不睡啊……”熬夜的设计师一脸无奈。

“弄完老大弄老二,管完作业干家务,累死累活是我愿意的吗?”熬夜的主妇满腔抱怨。

“被动熬夜”似乎占据熬夜人群中相当大的比例。但是,从“我不得不熬夜”的生态,到“我是个熬夜的人”这一自我认知的修改,中间包含着若干微妙的心理暗示,比如“我很辛苦”“我是付出者”“我过着值得同情的/值得羡慕的(某些需要熬夜的工作是高回报的)生活”“我在为未来努力”,这些暗示在日复一日的熬夜中变成了熬夜者的人物设定,而为了进一步完成人设,熬夜的行为又被不断固化和放大。稍加留意就会发现,那些热衷强调自己“睡得比狗还晚”的人,往往并不打算放弃让他们晚睡的工作或生活。谁知道那种“受虐”的无奈与抱怨里,是不是有着独特的满足呢?

低成本自由

美国宾夕法尼亚大学研究过一个有趣的课题:成年人是否会复制他们在叛逆期的行为。研究显示,不但会,并且人们常常乐于这样做。想想看,“别熬夜”“多喝水”的劝诫之所以无效,不就是因为它们太像我们在青春期听到的那些东西了吗?它们是正确的,也是保守的,还是充满优越感或带着点压制色彩的。即使我们已经成年,有判断利弊的能力,但对于这类约束性信息,还是会作出“叛逆”的第一反应。何况,这种叛逆成本极低,并不需要真正的对抗,自己得意就是了。

和“叛逆”一样宝贵的是“自由”。熬夜人群提出的熬夜理由中,不乏这样的说法:“只有深夜才能享受独处的自由。”这也是一种低成本的享受。不论读书、清扫、看球、打游戏、泡吧、发呆还是吃夜宵,一个人做起来似乎别有滋味,对于那些白天身不由己或要面对复杂人际关系的人来说,这短暂的自由尤为宝贵。此时的熬夜,其实是对现实的逃离,比起辞职、离婚、甩掉整个朋友圈等等不可企及的高昂代价,晚睡一会儿算什么呢?

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