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砥砺奋进的五年:医改带来实实在在获得感

2017-09-23 11:16:59   央广网

人民网北京9月22日电 (记者白剑峰、李红梅)患者住院药费比例降低了,医保谈判让进口药便宜了,农民生大病更有保障了……党的十八大以来,我国居民看病就医总体负担减轻,个人卫生支出占卫生总费用比重由2011年的34.8%下降到2016年的28.8%,为近20年来最低水平。

2016年,全国城市公立医院改革试点扩大到200个,90%以上的试点公立医院取消药品加成,实行药品零差率销售。今年内,全国所有公立医院取消药品加成,以药补医即将“翻篇”。大医院药费下降,带动整体医疗费用涨幅下降。国家卫计委最新统计数据显示,2016年医院次均门诊药费占比45.5%,同比下降1.7个百分点;医院人均住院药费占34.6%,同比下降2.2个百分点,5年来首现负增长。北京市今年4月8日实施医药分开综合改革以来,医药费用仅增2.2%,剔除上半年全市居民消费物价指数2%涨幅后,接近零增长。

我国部分癌症患者长期依靠进口靶向药维持生命,这些药品价格昂贵且不能报销。今年7月,人社部公布36种药品价格谈判结果,并同步纳入医保支付。这是我国药品医保准入的首次国家谈判,其中,治疗乳腺癌的靶向药赫赛汀经过谈判,由每支2万多元降到7600元,降幅近七成。与2016年平均零售价相比,谈判药品平均降幅达44%。今年以来,我国从药品生产、流通、使用全链条进行改革,在公立医疗机构药品采购中推行“两票制”,通过压缩药品流通环节,使中间加价透明化,进一步推动降低药品虚高价格,减轻群众用药负担。

新一轮医改启动以来,我国织起全球最大的全民基本医保网,并建立城乡居民大病保险制度。目前,城乡居民参保率稳定在95%以上,城乡居民基本医保人均财政补助标准由2012年的240元提高到2017年的450元,政策范围内门诊和住院费用报销比例稳定在50%和75%左右。2016年,我国将城乡居民基本医保财政补助人均新增40元中的10元用于大病保险,对困难群众实行倾斜性支付政策,提升了大病保险扶贫济困的精准度。全国超过1000万人次受益,实际报销比例在基本医保报销的基础上再提高约13个百分点,有效缓解了因病致贫、因病返贫问题。

大医院人满为患,小社区门可罗雀,这是医疗费用一度居高不下的原因之一。我国积极推进分级诊疗,加强医联体建设,完善家庭医生签约制度,解决“有病乱投医”问题。2016年,19个省份基层医疗卫生机构诊疗量占总诊疗量比例呈上升趋势,部分省份超过60%。全国已有80%的三级医院开展多形式的医联体建设,双向转诊初见成效。一些常见病逐步分流到基层机构,“基层首诊、双向转诊、急慢分治、上下联动”的就医格局正在形成。

《 人民日报 》( 2017年09月23日 01 版)

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