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一个你未曾见过的彩色世界——还原秦始皇帝陵兵马俑的“中国色彩”

2017-09-16 09:56:49   新华网

新华社西安9月16日电 题:一个你未曾见过的彩色世界——还原秦始皇帝陵兵马俑的“中国色彩”

新华社记者沈虹冰、杨一苗、蔡馨逸

“草茫茫,土苍苍。苍苍茫茫在何处,骊山脚下秦皇墓。”

43年前,中国考古工作者小心翼翼地用铲子、刷子和棉签打开已尘封两千多年的黄土,一个震惊世界的神秘地下军阵在陕西临潼重现世界。

威名赫赫的秦帝国就这样露出了它绚烂的冰山一角:朱红、紫红、粉红、粉绿、粉紫、粉蓝、桔黄、黑、白、赭……一尊尊神态各异的兵马俑军阵俨然,仿佛仍在守护着大秦帝国。

然而,这些两千多年前的“中国色彩”却只维持了短短几分钟,甚至只有15秒——须臾之间,颜料纷纷脱水、起翘、剥落。

“惊叹之余,你甚至连拍照的时间都没有!”秦始皇帝陵博物院研究员、文物保护部主任夏寅说。

站在秦始皇帝陵博物院展厅一隅,夏寅向记者讲述了一个多数世人未曾见过、埋藏在地下2000多年的多彩世界,一个中国考古工作者努力数十年还原秦始皇帝陵兵马俑的“中国色彩”的故事。

历史的颜色:五彩斑斓

1974年3月29日,临潼县西杨村,当地农民打井时发现一些陶俑碎片。当年7月15日,陕西省组织考古队进驻西杨村,随后兵马俑被发现。当年的领队袁仲一今年已经85岁高龄、被称为“兵马俑之父”。

兵马俑的发现震惊了世界:这个来自秦朝的泱泱军团“势若彍弩,节如发机”,似乎只待一声令下,就将“若决积水于千仞之豁”,汹涌澎湃,触之者摧。

深埋地下两千多年,突然重现世界,兵马俑那些令人窒息的“穿越”画面,那些承载了丰富历史的色彩以及它们的昙花一现,给参与发掘的考古工作者留下难以磨灭的深刻记忆。

“每个兵马俑其实都有颜色。经过两千多年的深埋,那些保存下来的颜料出土后15秒就开始变化,4分钟内就完全脱水、起翘、剥落,有的就遗留在泥层上。”夏寅说。

1987年,秦始皇帝陵和兵马俑被列入世界文化遗产名录。1988年,兵马俑第一次大规模发掘的学术报告——《秦始皇陵兵马俑坑一号坑发掘报告(1974-1984)》出版,其中多处提到了兵马俑为彩绘这一事实。

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