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专家提醒:淋巴瘤擅长“伪装” 联合会诊有助避免误诊
新华社重庆9月15日电(记者 李松)9月15日是第14个世界淋巴瘤日。专家提醒,淋巴瘤是一种擅于“伪装”的癌症,常表现为不痛不痒的淋巴结肿大,或发热、消瘦等易与其他疾病相混淆的症状。识破这些症状,才能早发现早治疗。
“淋巴瘤是起源于淋巴造血系统的恶性肿瘤,是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一。”重庆市肿瘤医院血液肿瘤科主任项颖介绍,重庆淋巴瘤的发病率约为6.8/10万,即每年约有2000人患上淋巴瘤。有数据显示,淋巴瘤在两个年龄段的人群中高发,一是20—50岁的中青年人,二是60岁以上的老年人。
虽然淋巴瘤致病原因尚不明确,但诸多研究表明或与现代人遭受环境污染、频繁染发以及过于紧张和劳累等有关。现代人心理压力过大、作息不规律、熬夜等,会造成人体免疫力下降,给病毒入侵造成可乘之机,诱发淋巴瘤。
项颖介绍,淋巴瘤擅长“伪装”,其首发症状多为不痛不痒的浅表淋巴结肿大,需注意的是,一些炎症也可以引起淋巴结肿大,但不同于淋巴瘤引起的淋巴结肿大。“一般而言,由炎症引起的淋巴结肿块相对柔软、按压有痛感,而淋巴瘤淋巴结肿大则表现为不痛不痒、表面光滑、质感坚韧。”项颖说,如果日常生活中碰到了这种不痛不痒的淋巴结肿大,别放松警惕,应尽早到医院就诊,排除淋巴瘤的可能。
除了淋巴结肿大外,“B症状”也是淋巴瘤的一个典型伪装特征。所谓“B症状”,就是指淋巴瘤患者出现的发热、消瘦、盗汗以及皮肤瘙痒等全身性常见症状,但也很容易被误诊为其他疾病。
“淋巴瘤表现出的症状极具伪装性,再加上分型复杂,给淋巴瘤明确诊断增加了难度。”项颖说,淋巴瘤的诊断由血液肿瘤科、病理科、放疗科、外科、影像科等多学科的医生联合会诊,有助于明确诊断,避免误诊。
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