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造成严重灾害就更名?专家详解如何为台风命名

2017-09-15 10:27:01   央广网

气象专家详解如何为台风命名

本报记者 车辉

2016年第22号超强台风“海马”在菲律宾造成了严重的灾害,台风委员会第49次届会议决定对“海马”进行除名,并要求负责取名的中国提交新的台风名字以补空缺。

资料图 中新社记者 张琦 摄

为何造成严重灾害就要更名?台风是如何命名的?中国气象局台风与海洋气象预报中心主任钱传海向记者介绍了相关情况。

他说,当一个台风造成某个或多个成员国(地区)的巨大损失,遭遇损失的成员国(地区)可以向台风委员会提请撤换,这个名称将会永久除名并停止使用,这避免了在提起该台风时引起混淆。另外,当台风委员会成员国(地区)认为台风名字不恰当时,也可提请撤换。

当某个台风的名称被从命名表中删除后,台风委员会将根据相关成员的提议,对台风名称进行增补,该名称一般由原提供成员国或地区重新推荐。

超强台风“海马”在2016年10月19日登陆吕宋卡加延省,而后进入南海后登陆我国广东。“海马”登陆菲律宾,菲律宾大气地球物理和天文服务管理局在2013年台风“海燕”过后增设五号风暴信号以来,首次发出最高风暴信号。受“海马”影响,菲律宾和我国华南地区经济损失重大,总计约有19.3亿美元。

上一个被除名的中国台风名字是“海燕”。2013年第30号台风“海燕”(超强台风级)于2013年11月8日在菲律宾中部莱特岛北部沿海登陆,中心附近最大风力达17级以上(75米/秒),中心最低气压890百帕,给菲律宾造成重创。菲律宾伤亡6201人、失踪1785人,经济损失高达8.15亿美元。菲律宾在2013年底台风委员会届会上提请撤换“海燕”。

据钱传海介绍,为了方便传播,20世纪初气象预报员就开始为台风命名,在西北太平洋,正式以人名为台风命名始于1945年,开始时只用女性的名字,以后因受到女权主义者的反对,从1979年开始,用一个男人名和一个女人名交替使用。

为了避免名称混乱,1997年11月25日至12月1日,在香港举行的台风委员会第30次会议决定,西北太平洋和南海的热带气旋采用具有亚洲风格的名字命名,分别由世界气象组织所属的亚太地区的柬埔寨、中国、朝鲜、中国香港、日本、老挝、中国澳门、马来西亚、密克罗尼西亚、菲律宾、韩国、泰国、美国以及越南14个成员国(地区)提供,每个国家(地区)提出10个名字,总计140个名字循环使用,并决定从2000年1月1日起开始使用新的命名方法。

西北太平洋上的台风命名由14个国家和地区提供,其中,中国负责10个台风名的命名。目前,我国提供的台风名有海葵、悟空、玉兔、白鹿、风神、海神、杜鹃、电母、海马(即将被除名)和海棠。另外,台风龙王和海燕之前因为带来的灾害影响太重,已被台风委员会除名。 台风命名表使用以来,台风委员会总计除名40个台风名字,其中有32个是因为台风造成严重的灾害,每一个被除名的台风都给人留下了十分深刻的印象。

台风委员会提出新的台风名字应符合以下要求: 中文名2~3个汉字,其对应的拼音不超过9个字母;朗朗上口易于媒体广播; 无不恰当的含义;不能使用商业品牌名称;不能与曾用和现用台风名称重复。在中国上报备选名字且被台风委员会成员国(地区)通过后,即成为官方认证的台风名字。

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