新闻 > 国际
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China

科普:如何给台风或飓风起名字

2017-09-11 15:56:43   新华网

新华社北京9月11日电(记者 张莹)近来,飓风“哈维”和“艾尔玛”先后在北美肆虐。而在西北太平洋地区,台风“泰利”已于9日晚形成,预计数日后在中国东南沿海登陆。每年夏季,是台风和飓风在东亚、南中国海和北美地区集中来袭的时间。那么,台风和飓风究竟有何区别?它们又是如何得名?

按照世界气象组织的定义,台风和飓风都是指中心风力达到12级、风速达每秒32.7米及以上的热带气旋。只是通常将发生在西北太平洋和南海的这种热带气旋称为台风,而将发生在东北太平洋和大西洋上的这种热带气旋称为飓风。

全球海洋平均每年出现强热带气旋40多个,多数在西北太平洋、孟加拉湾、东北太平洋、西北大西洋、阿拉伯海、南印度洋等海域,其中以西北太平洋最多,平均每年出现十几个。因此,人们给它们命名,以便记忆和区分。

一般认为,首次尝试给热带气旋命名的是19世纪末至20世纪早期的澳大利亚气象预报员克莱门特·雷格,他把热带气旋取名为他不喜欢的政治人物,但这种命名法在雷格退休后很快被舍弃了。

1953年,美国国家飓风中心开始使用人名命名飓风。起初采用的是女名,第一个被命名的飓风是“爱丽丝”,后来据说因受到女权主义者反对,从1979年开始改为男女名交替使用。这套命名系统沿用至今。目前,负责命名的世界气象组织采用了6张飓风命名表,每6年循环一次,而每张表上的人名按照首字母次序排列。比如,今年袭击美国东南沿海的“哈维”和“艾尔玛”正是2017年轮到的命名表上排在北大西洋区域第七、第八位的两个名字,前者是男名,后者是女名。

在台风的命名方面,由于受台风影响的国家和地区更多,在出现国际统一命名规则前,不同国家和地区对台风的命名方式可以说是“五花八门”。比如设在日本东京的世界气象组织下属亚太区域专业气象台的台风中心,以进入东经180度、赤道以北台风的先后顺序编号。原来设在关岛的美国海军联合台风警报中心(现已迁至夏威夷珍珠港),则用英美国家人名命名。

为了避免名称混乱,世界气象组织下属台风委员会决定从2000年1月1日起对热带气旋采用新的统一命名法,旨在帮助加强防风抗灾领域的国际合作。世界气象组织颁布的命名表包含140个名称,分别由世界气象组织在亚太区域的14个成员国或成员地区提供,用以轮流命名在西北太平洋及南海生成的热带气旋。

台风名称的实际分配工作由日本气象厅东京区域专业气象中心负责。当西北太平洋或南海上的热带气旋被确定达到热带风暴的强度后,即根据命名表给予名称,并同时给予一个四位数字的编号,其中前两位为年份,后两位为在该年生成的顺序。例如0312,即2003年第12号热带风暴。同一热带气旋整个演变过程中从热带风暴演变为强热带风暴、再至台风,实际上使用的是同一名字。

有趣的是,进入列表的名称很少有灾难的含义,大多是代表正面、美好的词汇,或者与提名国家或地区的文化有关。例如,中国大陆提出的10个名称中就包括悟空、玉兔、风神、海神等来自神话故事的名字。

命名表中的名称并不是一成不变。一旦某个台风造成特别严重灾害和生命财产损失,台风委员会成员可申请将其名称从命名表中删除,也就是这次台风将永久占有这个名字。当某个名称被从命名表中删去后,台风委员会将根据相关成员的提议,对命名表进行增补。

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170911/31358236.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2024/11/30 09:44:12

Powered by China
China