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反转的汤显祖墓发掘:吸引眼球之外,考古的底线在哪?

2017-09-15 06:16:46   中国青年网

中新网北京9月14日电(记者 宋宇晟)8月底,江西省抚州市对外发布汤显祖家族墓园遗址“考古工作成果”。然而这次“重大发现”随后出现反转。

江西抚州汤显祖家族墓园。中新社记者 吴鹏泉 摄

日前,国家文物局文物保护与考古司考古处副处长张凌对媒体表示,“今年4月,国家文物局批复了汤显祖家族墓园遗址2017年度考古工作方案,明确提出‘发掘应在充分调查、勘探的基础上进行,发掘对象应为墓园内相关建筑和附属遗迹,不能涉及汤显祖墓葬本体’”。张凌说,有关考古单位在开展考古工作的过程中未严格按照批复意见实施,存在着擅自发掘墓葬本体、重要考古发现未及时上报等问题。

位于江西抚州市临川区文昌里灵芝园内的汤显祖家族墓园遗址。中新社记者 吴鹏泉 摄

命运坎坷的汤显祖墓

事实上,此次发掘其实说不上是真正的“发现”,更像是一种“确认”。在史料中,汤显祖墓的位置有明确记载,甚至后世还能梳理出这座墓葬的遭遇。

据文献记载,汤显祖逝世后葬在今江西抚州市文昌里灵芝园内,此处也是汤显祖家族墓园。而从明末以降,此处的墓葬命运坎坷,屡遭破坏。

有媒体就对于汤显祖墓的历史做以梳理。明末清初时,墓葬受战乱破坏;太平天国时期,毁于战火。虽然此后经过多次复建和重修,但最终仍在上世纪六十年代被毁,墓园上还建立了一个制冰厂。

公开资料显示,上世纪八十年代,汤显祖墓迁址抚州市人民公园,但该墓只是其衣冠冢。

去年,抚州市推进文昌里历史文化街区改造,拆除了该制冰厂。而汤显祖墓园正位于文昌里旧城改造区域内。这才引出了此次对汤显祖墓园的发掘。

工作人员介绍,墓园中的四号墓(M4)即为汤显祖墓。中新社记者 吴鹏泉 摄

又一次惊世大发现?

8月28日,江西抚州市发现汤显祖家族墓园的消息被披露。相关报道指,汤显祖家族墓园共发现42座明清时期墓葬、出土了6方墓志铭,并“基本确定”了汤显祖墓。

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