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揭秘中国核试验基地:这里爆响了震撼世界的惊雷

2017-08-22 06:26:56   中国青年网

马兰惊雷

——揭秘中国核试验基地(上)

中国人民解放军建军90周年之际,中央军委首次颁授军队最高荣誉“八一勋章”。中科院院士、“两弹一星”元勋程开甲,是首批“八一勋章”获得者中最年长者——授勋两天后的7月30日,亲友为他庆祝了百岁寿辰。

程开甲是中国核武器研究的开创者之一,核试验技术总体负责人。

他的名字,与中国核试验基地紧紧联系在一起。

位于死亡之海罗布泊腹地的这座基地,有着一个美丽的名字——马兰。马兰是一种生命力顽强的野草,能在最贫瘠的土地上绚烂绽放;马兰基地是一座数十年不为人所知的隐秘所在,却爆响了震撼世界的惊雷。

从1964年第一颗原子弹爆炸成功,到1996年中国进行最后一次核试验,30多年的时间里,包括程开甲在内,前前后后曾经在这片戈壁滩里参加核试验的基地官兵和技术人员不下10万人。这是一群默默无闻的“马兰人”,由于工作的特殊性,数十年里,极少有关于他们的报道。

但是,“马兰人”的功勋,人民不会忘记,共和国不会忘记。现在,随着档案的陆续解密,我们能够讲述一下“马兰人”和马兰基地的故事了。

从敦煌到罗布泊

从敦煌到罗布泊

“有一个地方名叫马兰,你要寻找它,请西出阳关,丹心照大漠,血汗写艰难,放着那银星,舞起那长剑,擎起了艳阳高照晴朗的天……”

这首《马兰谣》记录的就是被誉为“共和国原子城”的戈壁绿洲马兰的故事。1964年10月16日,中国第一颗原子弹在马兰爆炸成功。

而在被确定为核试验基地之前,这里并没有专门的名字,只是一片荒无人烟的戈壁滩。

中国核试验基地最初的选址,其实不是这片无名戈壁,而是早已闻名于世的敦煌。

20世纪50年代,新生的中国,一直被笼罩在核恐吓的阴云中。

1955年1月15日,李四光、钱三强等人被请到了中南海的丰泽园。

毛泽东主持召开了专门研究发展我国原子能事业的中央书记处扩大会议,他开门见山地说:“今天,我们这些人当小学生,就原子能有关问题请你们来上一课……”

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