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科考发现沉睡海底的卡罗琳海山曾是海上岛屿

2017-08-21 17:01:59   新华网

“发现”号采集到的偕老同穴海绵(8月14日摄)。新华社记者 张旭东 摄

新华社“科学”号8月21日电(记者 张旭东)中国新一代远洋综合科考船“科学”号正对西太平洋的卡罗琳海山进行调查,此前人类从未探索过这一海山。随船科学家指出,从目前的调查情况看,卡罗琳海山曾是露出海面的岛,在板块运动中下沉成为海山。

“科学”号8月12日抵达作业海区后,首先对卡罗琳海山进行了地形扫描。随后,“科学”号搭载的“发现”号遥控无人潜水器进行了5次下潜,对海山东、西、南三侧进行了精细调查。

航次首席科学家徐奎栋说,从目前调查获取的资料看,卡罗琳海山此前是露出海面的岛。在水面以下600米到海山山顶,可以看到较为普遍的海蚀洞现象。海蚀洞由海浪击打形成,说明以前这个海山是露出水面的岛,在板块运动中下沉成为海山。

“另外,在水面以下600米至山顶,海山上有近海才有的珊瑚礁,不过现在均已成为岩石,这进一步表明这个海山是岛屿下沉过程中形成的,”徐奎栋说,“一般周边有珊瑚礁的海山生物多样性都比较丰富。但从目前调查情况看,这里的生物多样性并不丰富,原因还要结合水文、物理及化学等因素综合分析。”

“发现”号8月20日对卡罗琳海山西侧进行了精细的底栖生物和底质调查,在水下1500米至1000米处,除了零星分布的海胆,几乎没有发现什么底栖生物,生物多样性甚至比周边深海还要低,这一侧的底栖生物分布景观颠覆了对海山高生物量和高生物多样性的认识。

专家指出,海山西侧可能发生过地震和滑坡,导致生物的生活环境被破坏,因此几乎见不到什么底栖生物。海山是一个脆弱的生态系统,生物寿命长,生长慢,一旦破坏则极难恢复。

此前,中国科学家对与卡罗琳海山形成三角区的马里亚纳海山和雅浦海山进行了调查。从目前调查情况看,卡罗琳海山与它西边的雅浦海山的生物一致性较高,与它西北方向的马里亚纳海山生物区别较大,这说明洋流对生物的发展与分布有重要影响,因为卡罗琳海山和雅浦海山都受北赤道流和北赤道逆流的影响。

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