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塞罕坝:从一棵树到一片林?三代人传递的绿色接力

2017-08-18 22:31:32   中国青年网

在蒙冀交界之处,有一片茂密的林海——它就是塞罕坝。55年间,它从人迹罕至的荒原变成了如今包含6个林场,112万亩林地,森林覆盖率达80%的“天然氧吧”,成为目前世界上面积最大的人工林。从“沙地变林海,让荒原成绿洲”,是三代塞罕坝人通过不懈的努力和艰苦的奋斗,创造出的绿色奇迹。

塞罕坝荒原上发现的一棵松,被称为“功勋树”(资料图)

“功勋树”:见证第一代塞罕坝人艰苦育林

因此前的过度开垦和连年的战争,到新中国建立初,蒙冀之交的这片土地,已变成了人迹罕至的茫茫荒原。1962年,为改变“风沙紧逼北京城”的严峻形势,林业部建立了塞罕坝机械林场。127名大中专毕业生与林场原有242名干部职工一起组成了369人的创业队伍,正是这369名平均年龄不到24岁的拓荒先锋,拉开了塞罕坝林场建设的大幕。

塞罕坝林场地处河北最北部,与内蒙古高原浑善达克沙地相连。这里气候条件恶劣,年均积雪长达7个月,最低气温可至﹣43.3℃,对植物的种植和生长非常不利。“一年一场风,从春刮到冬,地上都是沙,百里不见树。”这是塞罕坝三道河口林场翁玉山场长对这里的描述。而在塞罕坝林场选址时,路勘人员在荒野之中发现了一颗孤立的落叶松。这一颗松,便成了塞罕坝人心中的“功勋树”,不断给予他们植树造林,改善生态环境的信心。

第一代塞罕坝造林人的生活条件也是十分艰苦。没有饮用水,他们就化雪水用;粮食匮乏,他们就吃黑莜面加野菜。许多人都患上了心脑血管,类风湿等疾病,由于没有医院,得不到及时的治疗,这一代造林人的平均寿命只有52岁。

面对气候环境的恶劣,面对连年植树效果不佳,塞罕坝人没有放弃。功夫不负有心人,1964年的“马蹄坑大会战”后,林场种植的516亩落叶松的成活率终于达到90%以上,面对一片稚嫩的绿色,造林人激动地嚎啕大哭。塞罕坝林场第一任党委书记王尚海曾说,“生是塞罕坝人,死是塞罕坝魂”。按照其生前的遗愿,他的骨灰便撒在了马蹄坑林区。

远离城市生活,扎根大山之中,塞罕坝人没有怨言;生活条件差,基础设施跟不上,塞罕坝人就自己克服。从当年的一颗松到如今的112万亩林海,不能忘记这些敢于担当,忠于使命的造林者。饮水需思源,正是有了塞罕坝这片林场,才没有让北方的沙漠不断南迁,才可以拥有这么大一片宝贵的绿色资源。第一代塞罕坝人就是这个奇迹的铸就者。

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