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辛识平:习近平贡献消除贫困的中国方案

2017-08-17 16:56:25   新华网

新华社北京8月17日电 题:习近平贡献消除贫困的中国方案

辛识平

有这样一本书,历经25载岁月的打磨,依然散发着思想的魅力,打动着越来越多的心灵。

不久前,在亚的斯亚贝巴举行的中非减贫发展高端对话会上,一本来自中国的著作《摆脱贫困》成为各方关注焦点。这本书记录了习近平总书记当年在福建省宁德地区工作期间的思考与实践,对减贫脱贫着墨尤其多。穿越时空和语言的界限,“人穷不能志短”“弱鸟可望先飞,至贫可能先富”等观点引发广泛共鸣。一位来自刚果(金)的与会代表感慨,非洲有数以万计的“当年的宁德”,这本书不仅是写给中国读者,更是写给所有非洲人和所有致力于摆脱贫穷泥沼的国家和人民的。

书本的说服力和感召力源于实践。万里之外的中国,改变数千万人命运的脱贫攻坚大决战正在深入推进。在这片曾经积贫积弱的土地上,反贫困斗争的人间奇迹令人心潮澎湃。

改革开放之初,中国农村贫困人口高达7.7亿,贫困发生率达97.5%。短短30多年过去,7亿多人摆脱贫困,贫困发生率已降至4.5%。到2020年,中国将全部消除绝对贫困人口,十几亿中国人将共同迈入全面小康。在如此短的时间内完成如此巨大规模的脱贫任务,古今中外都没有先例,这本身就是对人类减贫事业的巨大贡献。对此,英国《经济学人》杂志不禁赞誉:在减贫方面,“中国是个英雄”。联合国世界粮食计划署官员萨姆坎格则在思考:中国成功的秘诀是什么?

在云南的崇山峻岭中,联合国开发计划署全球合作高级顾问马克和乌拉圭广泛阵线主席米兰达实地考察扶贫工作。当地“五级书记抓扶贫”、层层抓落实的做法,令他们印象深刻。世界很多地方的减贫探索都反映出一个现实困境:制定目标容易,难的是组织力量推进和实现。在中国,他们看到了中国共产党对扶贫工作的有力指导,看到了社会各方力量的全面参与。在他们眼中,中国独特的制度优势正是中国人民打开幸福之门的一把“金钥匙”。

的确,中国进行反贫困斗争的制胜“法宝”内容丰富。在解决贫困的根本途径上,习近平总书记指出,“发展是甩掉贫困帽子的总办法”。中国始终把发展作为总钥匙,通过改革开放促进经济社会发展,为脱贫提供强劲动力;在实施方略上,习近平总书记提出精准扶贫、精准脱贫,不搞大水漫灌,实行精准滴灌,让减贫工作更加科学有效;在内生动力上,坚持扶贫同扶智、扶志相结合,让贫困群众有能力、有斗志通过自身努力改变命运;在力量来源上,把政府主导与社会参与有机结合起来,形成了各方共同参与的大扶贫格局……

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