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三问南京站女童被猥亵事件:女孩还能在这个家庭吗?

2017-08-16 08:04:58   央广网

南京站女童被猥亵的法律三问

本案中的女孩虽然弱小,但其权利也不是一纸空文,广大网友应该相信警方,相信法律会给她一个公道

□ 叶 泉

据《法制日报》记者报道,几天前在南京南站猥亵女童的犯罪嫌疑人段某某已被南京铁路警方抓获。经调查,其同行的两名成年人为段某某父母,女童为段某某父母的养女。随着此案的持续发酵,舆论的关注度也在不断上升。网友最关心的女童身份问题以及和这一家人的关系问题,经过警方的调查也逐渐明朗。作为段某某父母的养女,这个女孩在这个家庭中显然是一种弱势的存在。而亲眼目睹儿子当众猥亵养女却没有任何反应,如此不辨是非的养父母,更让很多网友对这个女孩的命运感到忧虑。

但是中国毕竟是法治国家,我国在收养方面的法律是健全的,养子女的合法权益同样受法律保护,不会任由收养人及其家庭成员随意欺凌。本案中,这个养女身份的相关法律关系有三问,需要之后的新闻报道和当地政府部门给出解答。

一问,女孩是怎样成为这个家庭养女的?根据我国收养法,收养人有严格条件限制,其中第一条就是收养人无子女。这个女孩的养父母有自己的亲生儿子,正常情况下,这对夫妇并不符合收养条件。但是法律也规定了例外情况,“收养孤儿、残疾儿童或者社会福利机构抚养的查找不到生父母的弃婴和儿童,可以不受收养人无子女和收养一名的限制”。也就是说,只有这个女孩是孤儿或者残疾儿童,这对已有子女的夫妇才可以合法地收养她。

于是,这也就引出了第二问,这对夫妇是合法收养这个女孩吗?收养法第十五条规定:“收养应当向县级以上人民政府民政部门登记。收养关系自登记之日起成立。”该法第十六条规定:“收养关系成立后,公安部门应当依照国家有关规定为被收养人办理户口登记。”也就是说,收养不是你说收养就收养的,而是必须在民政部门登记,并且在公安部门取得合法户籍。这个女孩到底是否被这个家庭合法收养了,还需要公安机关做进一步的调查。如果不是合法收养,那么当地基层政府部门对此显然有不可推卸的责任,对这样一个不正常且不合法家庭的长期存在有失察、失职之嫌。

我们知道,在一些地方,像这种关系复杂的家庭并不少见,如果没有相关的法律依据和权利保障,难免会出现伦理道德混乱和弱势方权益受损的情况。我国收养法第九条规定:“无配偶的男性收养女性的,收养人与被收养人的年龄应当相差四十周岁以上。”这一条意在避免女性被收养人受到无血缘关系的男性收养人的性侵犯。而现在这个女孩受到收养家庭的另一个成员——哥哥的侵犯,同样也是法律所不能允许的。

三问是关于这个女孩未来的,这个女孩还可以在这个损害了她权益的收养家庭中生活下去吗?很多网友都提到,在火车站这样的公共场所女孩的安全都无法保证,那么回到家里她的处境可能会更危险。如何才能让女孩不再受到侵犯呢?我国收养法第二十六条规定:“收养人不履行抚养义务,有虐待、遗弃等侵害未成年养子女合法权益行为的,送养人有权要求解除养父母与养子女间的收养关系。送养人、收养人不能达成解除收养关系协议的,可以向人民法院起诉。”根据这条法律规定,如果段某某最终被司法机关认定为犯猥亵儿童罪,且养父母不能保护养女的合法权益,那么按照法律规定可以解除收养关系。如果女孩没有送养人,民政部门也有责任帮助女孩脱离收养家庭。

法治国家,一切都有法可依,法律对收养人和被收养人的权利都是平等保护的。本案中的女孩虽然弱小,但其权利也不是一纸空文,广大网友应该相信警方,相信法律会给她一个公道。

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