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三类降为劣五类:洞庭湖“新侵湖运动”猖獗

2017-08-15 16:04:31   新华网

洞庭湖三类水质断面比例下降为零,采砂问题突出,生态破坏严重,劣五类的黑臭水不断增加……7月31日,中央第六环境保护督察组(以下简称督察组)在湖南督察反馈会议上发出严重警告。

  监测难觅三类水,“新侵湖运动”猖獗

水面达82.7平方公里的益阳大通湖,2012年申报为国家良好湖泊。天泓渔业公司围网养殖为了最大限度获利,往湖里大量投放饲料、肥料,造成水质从2013年的三类下降为2016年的劣五类。

常德市安乡县的珊珀湖曾烟波浩渺、风景秀丽,在2013年还是饮用水备用水源地。随着一些养殖企业持续投肥养殖,湖水水质沦为劣五类。湖旁沟港哑河水体发黑发臭,飘浮着厚厚一层绿色藻类,闻之作呕。

此次督察组列举的一系列典型案例,给洞庭湖水环境亮了黄牌。半月谈记者深入湖区了解到,洞庭湖生态环境现状堪忧,与工农业污染加剧、多种市场开发等“新侵湖运动”密不可分。

非法采砂、侵占湿地现象严重。近年来,占湖泊湿地搞建设、办旅游、搞养殖等,导致一些水生态良好的湖泊水域萎缩。尤其是采砂,像血吸虫一样蚕食洞庭湖肌体,破坏了生态环境。在多名专家看来,尽管相关部门一再重拳出击整治采砂,但由于采砂利润丰厚、地方利益纠葛等原因,水中“软黄金”依旧被疯狂采挖,甚至一些监管部门和领导干部也加入其中。

督察组警告,采砂作业不断蚕食洞庭湖湿地洲滩,触目惊心。如越冬雁类重要栖息地雁子洲已被挖除约4000亩;岳阳市灏东砂石公司非法侵入东洞庭湖自然保护区核心区,2016年8月至9月侵占保护区核心区160亩。

工业入侵增加。当前沿海地区及长株潭地区产业转移,一些容易造成污染的产业,如陶瓷、建材、生物医药等企业纷纷来此,很多甚至没有污水处理设备。一些企业、园区换上与生态、环保相关的新名字,从事的还是高污染、低效益的制造。

多地群众反映,湖区一些企业恶意超排、偷排,有的将暗管布设在环保部门的自动监测点位前方,再引干净的水流过监测点位;有的将排污暗管从水下伸向河湖中,把污水“注射”进河湖肌体。有的地方虽然耗巨资建设污水处理厂,但因管网配套不到位收集不到污水,成了摆设。

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