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福建三明市:医疗资源下沉 基层卫生院充满活力

2017-08-15 16:04:31   新华网

新华社福州8月15日电 题:福建三明市:医疗资源下沉 基层卫生院充满活力

新华社记者陈弘毅

14日中午,西城镇中心卫生院,医生冯盛炫下村回来,马不停蹄地整理患者随访记录。一上午时间,他和乡村医生一起走访了刚从县医院出院的十几户患者家庭,了解患者术后康复情况。而在卫生院的门诊和体检中心,不少患者还在排队等药、取体检报告。

“这在前几年很难想象,当时卫生院一天门诊量不到50人,一般上午10点后卫生院就空空荡荡了。”西城镇中心卫生院院长曾维荣告诉记者,改变源自2012年以来三明市推行的一系列公立医院管理体制改革举措,真正让医疗资源下沉,基层卫生院充满活力。

曾维荣回忆说,改革前,乡镇卫生院管办没有分离,工资按编制人数划拨,卫生院没有分配自主权,医生“干多干少一个样”,碰上病情稍微复杂点的患者,就让转到5公里外的县医院。加上工资低,人才“留不住”,医生有点机会就往县级医院跳槽,久而久之,连头疼脑热患者都往县里医院跑,乡镇卫生院“门庭冷落”。

“乡镇卫生院遭遇的尴尬,突出反映了公立医院管理体制中存在的问题。为此,三明推进政事分开、管办分开,建立现代医院管理制度,厘清政府和医院各自的职能和责任,着力建好分级诊疗网络。”三明市卫生计生委主任蔡金明说。

蔡金明介绍说:“通过改革,卫生计生部门履行医疗卫生行业主管职责,不再行使对医疗卫生机构的直接管理职能,公立医院院长是代表政府管理医院。这就避免了行政主管部门‘既是裁判员又是运动员’的问题。”

“政府不再直接管理公立医院,那么如何选好‘运动员’,让公立医院实现良性发展呢?三明市建立了一套包括6大类40项的院长考评体系,并对医院工资总额核定办法进行改革,建立了新的薪酬制度。”三明市副市长张元明形象地告诉记者,在此基础上,三明充分“放权”,赋予公立医院院长人事管理、副职推荐、内部分配、年度预算和运营管理等自主权。

三明市中西医结合医院院长温立新说:“现在上级部门对院长的考核指标有社会满意度、办医方向、医疗服务管理、学科和科研发展等,涵盖医院发展的方方面面。然而有一个方向始终不能偏离,就是必须统筹全局,代表政府为百姓的健康保驾护航。”

为了打破医院间的行政壁垒,三明探索在县域内建立了“紧密型医联体”。每个县成立了总医院,各乡镇卫生院成为总医院的“分院”,在人、财、物上实现了高度整合和统一管理。“以往病人‘转上不转下’、医疗资源高度集中的情况有所缓解,取而代之的是县级医院与乡镇卫生院的目标统一和分工协作。”尤溪县总医院院长杨孝灯说。

此外,三明市还打破了现行公立医院编制管理限制,实行公立医院编制备案管理,由公立医院自主考录聘用人员,招聘结果报相关部门备案。同时,在工资总额制度下,实行编内编外人员“同工同酬”。

尤溪县坂面镇中心卫生院院长詹承朝说:“如今,医生得到了与付出劳动相匹配的阳光年薪。卫生院医生过去月平均工资都在两三千元左右,体现不出医疗服务的价值。通过改革,卫生院医院口碑最好、工作量最高的医生去年收入超过10万元,能够激励医护人员努力提高工作积极性和技术水平。”

三明还在县级以上的公立医院实行总会计师制度。总会计师承担医院财务、成本、预算管理和会计核算、监督等职责,由同级财政部门选聘或委派,不定行政级别,年薪由当地财政支付,实行全面预算和全成本核算,完善财务报表,明确各项收入、支出和结余,加强基本建设、设备购置、运行经费监管,提高医院运行效益。

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