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上海北横通道超大盾构完成急曲线施工

2017-08-14 15:08:31   央广网

央广网上海8月14日消息(记者吴善阳 通讯员陈一苇)近日,由上海城投公路集团投资、隧道股份上海隧道工程有限公司承建的上海北横通道II标传出喜讯——超大直径盾构“纵横号”完成首段急曲线施工,北横通道通过了首个“小路考”S弯。

“曲线之美”成为北横建设的最大挑战

上海北横通道主线盾构法隧道长达6.4km,通过3座工作井分成东、西两段,西段从中江路始发井到中山公园工作井,长约2761m,东段从中山公园工作井到筛网厂接收井,长3664m。工程采用1台直径15.56m的泥水平衡盾构——“纵横号”掘进施工。

隧道线路多处连续急曲线转弯(俗称“S弯”)是北横盾构隧道的显著特点,尤其是东段,直线部分仅占15%,最小转弯半径仅500m(规范中将转弯半径小于40倍开挖直径定义为急曲线转弯),而且转弯半径500m的区段长度占到34%。对直径15.56m超大盾构而言,如此小转弯半径属“国内首次,世界少有”。急曲线转弯将给盾构装备选型、管片结构设计、止水的密封性、施工风险的防控等诸多方面提出了极大的难度与挑战。富有超大盾构施工经验的上海隧道建设者笑称“眼下老革命遇上了新问题,我们有信心用技术来完美呈现艺术!”。

科学论证“纵横号”必须是个灵活的“大块头”

生活常识告诉我们,小汽车转弯比大卡车要容易得多,原因是小汽车的灵活性高。超级盾构“纵横号”开挖断面相当于6层楼的高度,长度超过100m,这个庞然大物的灵活性又如何呢?这个问题需在盾构装备选型阶段就要充分考虑。

为了保证设备对急曲线的适应性,首先对机头是否设置铰接进行了专题论证与优化。通过对安全性、经济性与适应性的综合评估最终选择了固定式盾尾。对盾构的机头及后配套车架采取紧凑型设计,无论是机头还是后配套车架长度与同类型的盾构机相比都要短许多。

除此之外,将机头设计为锥形,也就是头大屁股小,前盾、中盾和尾盾直径依次减小3cm,锥度一方面增加了盾构在土体里的灵活性,也有助于减小盾构机与土体的摩阻力。

同时,在刀盘周边还配备一定数量的超挖刀,当急曲线转弯遇到困难的情况下可以通过对外弧侧土体的超挖帮助转弯。

盾构的锥度以及弧线段的超挖又带来一个新的问题,那就是隧道的建筑空隙增大了,对同步注浆的要求提高了,为此,“纵横号”配备了10点注浆。

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