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库布其沙漠实现由“沙逼人退”到“人逼沙退”的转变

2017-08-10 16:26:36   中国青年网

新华社呼和浩特8月10日电(记者王靖)内蒙古鄂尔多斯市林业局开展的荒漠化监测结果显示,目前我国第七大沙漠——库布其沙漠扩展趋势得到了有效控制,治理率已达到25%,生态状况实现了由“沙逼人退”到“人逼沙退”的历史性转变。

库布其沙漠是距北京最近的沙漠,总面积为2115.67万亩,其中流动沙丘799.3万亩,横跨内蒙古鄂尔多斯市杭锦旗、达拉特旗和准格尔旗等旗县,受影响人口约几十万人。

“二三十年前那会儿,从哪个方向看去,都是一眼望不到边的沙海,让人感到绝望。”今年68岁的蒙古族牧民陈宁布是杭锦旗独贵塔拉镇道图嘎查人,他回忆说,“过去每家每户一年最多去镇里两次,每次都要买足半年用的东西,因为翻越沙漠太不容易,走路和骑骆驼加起来得11个多小时。”陈宁布讲述,一次一位邻居临产,还没等赶到镇医院,就和胎儿一起死在了沙漠里。

现在的库布其沙漠已发生了巨大变化。如今,穿沙公路在沙漠腹地纵横交错,行车在公路上,道路两旁绿油油的樟子松憨态可掬,远处满目的沙柳、杨树、大白柠条、甘草等绿植紧紧锁住流沙,随着沙坡地势此起彼伏,像绿浪一样一波一波向着看不着边的远处翻涌。

近些年来,鄂尔多斯市始终将库布其沙漠治理当作重大生态工程和民生工程来抓,推动了沙漠生态环境日益改善。治理过程中,当地全面推进天然林保护、退耕还林、“三北”防护林、京津风沙源治理二期、封禁保护试点等国家林业重点工程建设,建立了“掏钱买活树”的约束机制和“以补代造”“以奖代投”等激励机制,形成了社会各界广泛参与,国家、地方、企业、个人多元化投入的防沙治沙格局。

时值盛夏,独贵塔拉镇解放村46岁的村民张喜旺和工友们正给沙柳浇水。他是库布其国家沙漠公园治沙联队的一个包工头,今年他带领50位工友共承包了亿利资源集团300亩甘草和500亩沙柳的种植、浇水和除草工作。种1亩地树苗,联队能挣100元,浇1亩地水挣50元,除1亩地杂草能挣70元。“过去只要刮一晚上的沙子,第二天准是连门都推不开。现在沙子不仅干扰不到正常生活,反而给大家创造了生钱的门路。”他喜悦地说。

目前库布其沙漠旅游业迅速发展起来,来自香港、安徽等地的游客络绎不绝。杭锦旗、达拉特旗有不少农牧民发展起了家庭旅馆、餐饮、民族手工业、沙漠越野等服务业,一些家庭年收入10万多元。产业的发展,机会的增加,使大量外出务工农牧民纷纷返乡创业就业。

39岁的蒙古族牧民孟克达来过去放羊为生,一家3口年收入仅1万多元,生活十分困难。随着杭锦旗沙漠旅游勃兴,2006年开始,他陆续在院子里扎起3个蒙古包,供游客就餐和住宿。如今,每到旅游旺季,他家总是门庭若市。他满意地说:“现在家里每年纯收入能有10多万元,日子总算过好了。”

全国第五次荒漠化和沙化土地监测结果与第四次相比,5年间库布其沙漠流动沙丘面积减少了49万亩,重度、极重度沙化土地减少114.7万亩。部分区域生态小气候已经形成,农牧民生产生活条件得到极大改善。随着新一轮治理工作的启动,将有越来越多的老百姓从生态建设中获益。

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