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艾滋病疫苗真的已经来了?这是一场媒体的误导和公众的误读

2017-08-10 09:14:53   中国青年网

人类等待第一款艾滋病疫苗诞生的心情是迫切的。8月9日,一条“强生宣布HIV疫苗临床试验结果:志愿者100%产生抗体”的微博,半天内就转发过2万。有人评论:“HIV灭绝了,下一个是什么”、“今年的诺奖有着落了?”

但澎湃新闻询问两位研究艾滋病的学者、查阅相关资料后了解到,这是一次媒体的误导和公众的误读。美国强生公司的这一阶段性成果值得关注,但在获得更多实验数据前,做出“艾滋病疫苗真的要来了”的判断还为时过早。

时间回拨到7月24日,在法国巴黎召开的第九届IAS艾滋病科学会议(注:IAS为国际艾滋病协会)上,美国强生公司子公司杨森制药公司以口头报告的形式对外宣布,在一项名为“APPROACH”的早期人体临床试验中,他们测试了一款针对艾滋病的“马赛克疫苗”,结果显示393位健康志愿者100%地出现抗体反应,而且有较好的耐受性(即没有明显副作用)。

艾滋病由感染艾滋病病毒(HIV病毒)引起,该病毒能攻击人体免疫系统。所谓“马赛克疫苗(“mosaic” vaccines)”,是科学家为了对付艾滋病病毒的快速进化能力和多样性,拼接多种艾滋病病毒亚型基因而成的疫苗,被认为可诱导健康机体产生广泛的免疫保护反应,达到预防作用。

一场国际学术口头报告在10多天后,经媒体发酵,引发了中国公众的关注。但不得不提醒的是,该临床试验仍处于早期阶段,在公开数据有限的情况下,将疫苗“100%产生抗体”解读为能“有效预防”是不够严谨的。此外,“单次暴露于艾滋病病毒下感染风险减少了94%”的试验结果是来自2013年的临床前动物试验——在猴子身上的实验,而非此次杨森制药公司所报告的人体临床试验。

释点1:“100%产生抗体”

真相:只要是疫苗,进入人体就会产生抗体,有抗体不等于能预防

“100%产生抗体”易被解读为该疫苗对艾滋病毒100%有效。但事实上,清华大学艾滋病综合研究中心教授张林琦向澎湃新闻(www.thepaper.cn)解释:“所有疫苗免疫人体后,都会产生抗体反应。”换而言之,“100%产生抗体”并不能直接证明这是一款能预防艾滋病的疫苗。

王宇歌目前是美国哈佛大学医学院的博士后,研究领域是艾滋病。他提到了和张林绮一样的观点:“尚不能证明疫苗有效,这个疫苗产生抗体是正常反应,但不能说明产生的是有保护作用的抗体。”

据王宇歌介绍,HIV疫苗的目的是诱导出具有保护力的抗体,尤其是针对HIV病毒的特异性中和抗体,但杨森制药公司披露的部分结果中并没有给予所诱导抗体的中和活性、抗体的广谱性的结果。

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