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艾滋病疫苗研制取得重大进展?媒体报道可能存在偏差

2017-08-10 08:52:06   中国经济网

新浪科技讯 北京时间8月10日消息,近日,国内多家媒体大量报道了有关艾滋病“马赛克”疫苗临床实验方面取得的进展,引起多方关注,有些讨论认为这可能意味着有效的艾滋病疫苗即将研制成功。但如果仔细分析国外相关媒体的报道,可能事实并非完全如此。

相关新闻报道的是近日在法国巴黎召开的第九届国际艾滋病学会会议(IAS 2017)上,来自强生制药公司和美国国立卫生研究所(NIH)的科学家们报告了他们的最新“马赛克”疫苗在临床实验上取得的进展。详细的报道内容不再重复,这里仅针对部分媒体报道中的一些似乎与原始报道有所出入的内容进行摘录,供读者参考:

1) 国内部分媒体相关报道提到:“…在试验中受试者一共接受4次疫苗注射,前两针疫苗是初免,后两针疫苗是加强免疫注射。注射48周后,受试者没有产生任何副作用…”,但在相关IAS会议报道中,原文提到“Over 48 weeks, participants received two doses of an initial (prime) vaccine followed by two doses of a booster vaccine”,原文并非指在4针全部注射48周后观察有无副作用,而是提到在48周时间内一共注射4针;

2) 国内部分媒体相关报道提到:“appROACH疫苗首先是在效果上令人振奋。除了在受试者身上100%产生了抗御HIV病毒的抗体外,还让受试者单次暴露于艾滋病病毒(HIV)下感染风险减少了94%,并且有66%的人在6次暴露于HIV下仍然受到保护,没被HIV感染。”

这里分两部分讨论,首先关于研究人员对于此次疫苗临床实验的态度如何。从这个角度来说,国内一些媒体所用的标题可能由夸大之嫌。的确,就此次临床实验而言,的确效果是良好的,几乎所有接受疫苗注射的志愿者体内都产生了免疫反应。但是相关研究人员也已经明确指出,此次疫苗实验还处于非常早期的阶段,本次实验的目的仅仅是观察疫苗对人体的安全性和免疫反应,并未评估疫苗对病毒防护的有效性。历史上有很多药物在动物实验阶段看上去非常有希望,并且在人体试验中显示良好的安全性,但最终被发现在药物的有效性上并不理想。

因此参与研究的相关科学家在接受媒体采访时的表态非常谨慎,比如NIH的安东尼·法西博士(Anthony Fauci)说:“我不会用‘兴奋’这个词。这只是距离获得一种可能会有希望的疫苗道路上又前进了一步。”也就是说,在目前阶段还没有办法预言此次提到的“马赛克”疫苗是否会对抑制艾滋病毒产生效果,或者何时能够让这种疫苗真正研制成功。目前的计划是,科学家们如果不断看到比较好的测试数据,那么他们打算在今年年底左右开始在南非启动大规模的针对疫苗有效性的测试,届时预计将招募2600名健康的女性志愿者接受测试。

其二,国内部分媒体在报道中提到的这些有效性数据可能是错误的。NIH的相关消息提到:“Regimens using these mosaic vaccines had previously protected monkeys against an HIV-like viral infection called simian HIV (SHIV)。 In the animal studies, the most effective regimen lowered the risk of infection per exposure to SHIV by 94%。 Moreover, there was 66% complete protection seen after six exposures。“(此前这种马赛克疫苗曾经在猴子身上对与艾滋病类似的SHIV病毒显示了保护作用。在动物实验中,最有效的疫苗样本将SHIV病毒的暴露感染风险降低了94%,而在6次暴露之后,仍然显示66%的完全保护。)

很显然这里94%,66%等数据针对的是猴子(恒河猴)的动物实验,而非人体实验,其次,那次实验防御的病毒也非艾滋病毒(HIV),而是人-猴免疫缺陷病毒(SHIV)。关于这种疫苗的人体有效性实验还有待于接下来在下一阶段中进行测试和观察。

综上,对于这一消息,更加贴近事实的评价或许应该是:这是艾滋病疫苗研制过程中的一个重要进展,但是它是否最终能够成功目前还难以预料,其距离真正的可应用疫苗研制成功也还非常遥远。(晨风)

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