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艾滋病疫苗真来了?强生宣布:志愿者100%产生抗体

2017-08-09 12:14:09   北京日报

(原标题:艾滋病疫苗真的来了?强生宣布HIV疫苗临床试验结果:志愿者100%产生抗体)

北京日报消息,强生公司7月24日宣布了全球首次HIV疫苗人体临床试验结果,这一多中心、随机、安慰剂对照、双盲的1/2a期临床试验招募了393位健康志愿者,志愿者分别来自美国、卢旺达、乌干达、南非和泰国,结果显示,志愿者对HIV疫苗耐受性良好,并且100%产生了对抗HIV的抗体。

艾滋病病毒。

单次暴露于艾滋病病毒下感染风险减少了94%

强生公司是世界上规模最大、产品多元化的医疗卫生保健品及消费者护理产品公司,它的资金支持是这次疫苗取得显著效果的重要原因,具体试验由其旗下的杨森制药公司承担,但技术来自于美国哈佛大学医学院等研究单位。

这次的HIV疫苗是马赛克疫苗,即利用HIV的多种抗原(基因片段)组合在一起,形成具有对机体免疫系统有较强刺激作用并能生成有效抗体的疫苗,称为appROACH疫苗。appROACH疫苗首先是在效果上令人振奋。除了在受试者身上100%产生了抗御HIV病毒的抗体外,还让受试者单次暴露于艾滋病病毒(HIV)下感染风险减少了94%,并且有66%的人在6次暴露于HIV下仍然受到保护,没被HIV感染。

疫苗的试验采用了“初免-加强免疫”策略,即在试验中受试者一共接受4次疫苗注射,前两针疫苗是初免,后两针疫苗是加强免疫注射。注射48周后,受试者没有产生任何副作用,血液检测发现所有人体内都产生了针对HIV的抗体。在对受试者的实际保护评估上,HIV感染的风险降低了94%。

这次艾滋病马赛克疫苗产生显著效果主要原因在于根据HIV的特点设计疫苗,最重要的是采用HIV的多种抗原,即选用来自多个不同HIV亚型病毒株的基因,这些HIV抗原通过病毒载体生成,组成了含多种HIV抗原的疫苗。

马赛克疫苗几年前就完成了动物实验

艾滋病马赛克疫苗早在几年前就已研发出来,并在动物身上进行了试验。2013年,研发马赛克疫苗的哈佛大学医学院的研究人员在《细胞》杂志上报告称,他们利用艾滋病病毒的3种主要蛋白研发出了马赛克疫苗。

把HIV的几种基因拼接或镶嵌在一起制成疫苗的主要原因是,这些抗原能极其有效地刺激机体的免疫系统,并且让免疫系统产生针对这几种抗原的大量抗体,以中和(抗御)艾滋病病毒,达到防止艾滋病病毒入侵人体免疫T细胞的目的。

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