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以降成本为“脱虚回实”拓宽路径

2017-08-07 17:34:57   新华网

作为制造业大省,处于加速“脱虚回实”进程中的广东,当前正酝酿出台新一轮降成本举措,谋求进一步降低实体经济企业成本,扶持制造业发展。

《瞭望》新闻周刊记者近期从广东省经信委获得的相关信息显示,广东将进一步完善今年2月出台的《关于降低实体经济企业成本扶持制造业发展的若干政策措施》,从降低企业税费负担、运输成本、制度性交易成本等12个方面,进一步加大对实体经济的扶持力度。

透视我国经济发展进程可以看到,筹钱、挣钱,是实体经济特别是制造业企业近期面对的两大难题。和虚拟经济的回报高、见效快相比,近年来能源、原材料、劳动力、物流、管理等综合成本的上升,大幅挤压了实体经济的利润空间,导致资金不愿流入实体经济特别是制造业,从而增加了制造业的融资难度和融资成本。能否以切实的举措打破这个“成本上涨——压缩利润——成本上涨”的螺旋式下降怪圈,是决定经济能否走出“脱实向虚”困境的关键所在。

打破这一怪圈,既需要魄力,更需要精准发力。中国财政科学研究院8月1日发布的《降成本:2017年的调查与分析》报告指出,调查显示1.4万家样本企业的成本水平已经超过收入、企业利润空间已经被挤压到极限。记者调研发现,在人工成本和资源环境成本的趋势性增长情况下,包括原材料、物流等要素成本,主要由市场供需决定,并不是想降就可以降低的。广东省政协十一届二十一次常委会公布的相关报告也指出,作为全国的制造业重镇,广东的制造业当前面临更加严峻的用能、用地、用工和税费成本形势,广东制造业劳动力成本已是印度的5倍、越南的3倍,显示未来仍然需要进一步落实降低企业成本措施,重塑广东营商环境新优势。

因此,在抓住降成本这个“牛鼻子”、进一步巩固经济发展“脱虚向实”势头的同时,也要看到降成本既是一场“持久战”,也是一场“攻坚战”。近期,国务院开展降成本大督查,地方层面也在密集发文部署实体经济企业降成本的举措。这显示作为供给侧结构性改革的重要内容之一,降成本在已经取得阶段性成效的基础上,正在向深入推进。7月26日公布的《关于广东省2017年上半年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况的报告》显示,今年上半年,广东累计为企业减负约1580亿元,在完善年初降成本方案的基础上,全年广东企业减负额将超过2000亿元。

打好“攻坚战”,就意味着降成本必须是一套“组合拳”,措施要标本兼治,也要治本;既要着眼于企业的微观角度,也要从国家的宏观角度,考虑中长期的健康发展。以降低劳动力成本为例,从广东实践看,这既需要在“五险一金”等税费调整上下功夫,也要致力于推进制造业整体向中高端转型,包括大举推进“机器代人”及智能制造,通过“双管齐下”让不同类型的制造业企业寻找到合适的出路。

中国财科院调研报告认为,与阶段性、短期性的降成本政策相比,实体经济企业健康发展更需要标本兼治的长效机制,特别是在完善金融组织体系、推动物流模式创新和深化电力体制改革等方面。下一步,需要重点关注融资成本和物流成本居高不下的现象,通过深入推进相关领域改革,建立起降低实体经济企业负担的长效机制。

实体经济是经济发展的动力源泉,制造业更是广东经济发展的基石。通过持续发力降成本,巩固“脱虚回实”,加快迈向产业链和价值链中高端的广东制造业,有望为全国振兴实体经济树立新标杆,为全国推进供给侧结构性改革、实施创新驱动发展战略、构建开放型经济新体制发挥“三个支撑”的作用。(文/《瞭望》新闻周刊记者徐金鹏 赵东辉 王攀 叶前)

上半年长三角制造业加速回暖 引导资金“脱虚向实”

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