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7日立秋 凉气始肃

2017-08-06 15:32:04   中国青年网

图表:8月7日15时40分“立秋” 新华社记者 孟丽静 编制

新华社北京8月6日电题:7日立秋 凉气始肃

新华社记者 侯雪静

7日,立秋,传统意义上的秋天从此开始了。

“立秋之日凉风至”,天高气爽,月明风清。

立秋是季节性的节气。我国部分地区虽有“秋老虎”余威,但立秋之日起,晴热高温逐渐缓和,因此“立秋”是一年中气温由升转降的转折期,农谚有云:“早上立了秋,晚上凉飕飕。”

尤其是今年7月,高温日数和全国平均日最高气温,双双创下1961年以来历史同期最高,这让今年的立秋似乎比往年更让人期盼。

但由于我国幅员辽阔,并不是在立秋这一天同时进入秋季。按照气象标准,连续5天的平均温度在22℃以下才算是秋天,据此秋天到来最早的黑龙江和新疆北部要到8月中旬入秋;一般年份里,北京9月初开始秋风送爽;而当秋的脚步到达“天涯海角”的海南三亚时已快到新年元旦了。

大豆结荚、棉花结铃……立秋前后我国大部分地区气温仍然较高,各地农作物生长旺盛,对水分需求迫切,此时受旱会给农作物最终收成造成难以补救的损失。所以有“立秋三场雨,秕稻变成米”“立秋雨淋淋,遍地是黄金”之说。

根据中央气象台预计,8月份全国大部农区气温接近常年同期或偏高,降水量接近常年同期,水热条件相对匹配,总体利于作物生长发育。

立秋节气过后仍需防汛。7月30日至31日第9号台风“纳沙”和10号台风“海棠”接连登陆福建福清,合并后一路北上影响我国东部18个省(区、市),影响范围之大历史罕见,多地日雨量破历史极值。

由于7月我国大部地区降水量偏少,这次“双台风”带来的降水有效缓解了前期高温和部分地区旱情。据统计,上述18个省(区、市)共增加水资源1510亿立方米。

中央气象台预计,8月可能有1至2个热带气旋登陆或明显影响我国,有利于增加农业蓄水,但其带来的强风暴雨将对沿海地区农业和渔业生产造成一定不利影响。

专家提醒,8月是热带气旋最活跃时期,且越是晚来的台风越强,东部和南部沿海地区需做好防台工作。

古人把立秋当作夏秋之交的重要时刻,一直很重视这个节气,因此立秋节气,也称七月节。在周代,立秋日天子亲率三公六卿诸侯大夫迎秋,并举行祭祀仪式。到了唐代,每逢立秋日,也祭祀五帝。在民间一直有尝瓜果、贴秋膘、奠祖先的风俗。

“一场秋雨一场凉,十场秋雨就结霜”,随着太阳直射光线逐渐向南移动,照射在北半球的光和热一天天减少,冷空气逐渐增强南下。当来自西伯利亚的冷空气南下进入我国,和南方正在逐渐衰退的暖湿空气相遇后,便形成了降雨,一次次冷空气南下和一次次降雨过后,温度湿度就很低了。

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