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洞庭湖鄱阳湖枯水期延长 滥采乱挖非法排污加剧

2017-06-15 03:06:40   经济参考报

原标题:“长江双肾”综合病症日益恶化

万里长江,是中华民族的象征。位于长江中游的洞庭湖、鄱阳湖如同“长江之肾”,与长江连为一体,构成世界著名的“江湖关系”。“江湖两利”,一直是长江治理、开发和保护的重大课题。

近年来,洞庭湖、鄱阳湖频现枯水季节延长、枯水期水位超低等情况。长期低水位一定程度上加剧了酷捕滥捞、人为开采以及工农业污染、生活污染等危害,湖区生态、农业灌溉、饮水安全等都面临不同程度挑战。“长江双肾”健康状况,因为长期枯水变得更加不容乐观。

 喊渴:枯水期延长影响生产生活

入夏以来连续强降雨,洞庭湖、鄱阳湖很多水域,又恢复了“浩浩汤汤,横无际涯”的景象。但《经济参考报》记者枯水期深入湖区,见到的完全是另外一番景象。水文数据显示,洞庭湖、鄱阳湖近年枯水期呈现提前、延长、加剧态势。

12米,11米……

随着鄱阳湖星子站水位不断探底,江西省九江市都昌县草洲露出水面,游客行走在昔日的湖底,蹲在紫红色的蓼子花丛中,如身处“大草原”中。很难想象,两个月前,这里还是水天一色的打渔场。在与都昌县相邻的庐山市,记者看到,古代遗留的落星墩也完全露出了水面,周围的草洲变成了牧场。

统计数据显示,近年枯水期,鄱阳湖周边受旱面积达250多万亩,成灾面积130万—190万亩。每年损失粮食3亿—5亿斤以上。水产养殖业受灾面积达400万亩,占鄱阳湖区养殖面积的63%,成灾面积170万亩,占鄱阳湖区养殖面积27%。

洞庭湖“北通巫峡、南极潇湘”,自古便以“洞庭天下水”名闻遐迩。但以长江三峡建成蓄水为时间分野,“江湖关系”剧变导致洞庭湖平原几乎成了湖南新的“干旱中心”。

《经济参考报》记者了解到,近年联通长江与洞庭湖“三口”之一的藕池河水系每年断流天数由60多天猛增至如今的约300天。枯水季节,洲滩裸露干枯,渔船搁浅,港口成为泥潭,主航道水浅堵船等问题层出不穷。受枯水影响,洞庭湖一些水域蓄水量有时还不到丰水期正常水量的十分之一,不仅农业生产受到影响,连人畜饮水都成了大问题。

每逢枯水、天旱,原本在洞庭湖区“水窝子”里的华容县就到处喊“渴”。《经济参考报》记者抗旱期间看到,华容人在酷暑干旱中打井,特别需要毅力。有的井打了20米,还是不见水的影子。打井人要坐吊篮下到20多米深的井底,用短柄镐头一点点往地层深处挖。有时要打到近30米深处,才能见到汩汩清泉。

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