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央广网北京6月11日消息(记者侯艳)据中国之声《央广新闻》报道,世界卫生组织最新研究报告称,目前中国近视患者人数多达6亿,几乎是中国总人口数量的一半。我国高中生和大学生的近视率均已超过七成,并逐年增加,青少年近视率高居世界第一,小学生的近视率也接近40%。相比之下,美国中小学生近视率仅为10%。
目前没有直接的证据说明近视的发生是由哪个基因决定的。在诱发近视的三大因素(遗传、环境和营养)中,科学家们认为环境因素对近视眼的发生起的作用更大。电子屏幕、不良光线、姿势不正确、用眼时间太长以及看的物品距离眼睛太近等,都是不良的用眼环境或习惯。
近视发病率居高不下的原因也与中国的家庭教育观念有直接的关系。专家表示,一方面,家长向孩子施压,逼迫他们加大学习强度和频率以在考试中取得更高分数,导致青少年很少有时间通过户外活动放松身心。另一方面,越来越多的科技产品(智能手机、平板电脑等)使孩子们经常长时间注视电子屏幕,导致他们用眼强度大增,眨眼频率降低。这些都是造成视力减退的因素。
遗憾的是,不仅是家长,部分学校也没有认识到电子产品对青少年视觉健康的危害,反而推行使用平板电脑教学。这不仅将发生近视的风险强加到了孩子身上,更加剧了对已近视孩子的视力损伤,将他们进一步推向了高度近视的行列。
最新证据表明,近视的发生具有逐步低龄化的特点,在3-6岁的群体中,约有2.5%的儿童为近视眼。
专家表示,理论上讲,孩子3岁起就应该在医院建立眼睛保健档案,并且坚持每学期进行一次眼睛的全面检查。一旦孩子出现经常眯眼看、斜看、歪头看、频繁眨眼等现象,可能是眼睛出现了问题,家长要重视,带孩子到正规医院检查、就诊。
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