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中哈全面战略伙伴关系进入新阶段

2017-06-11 10:45:42   

原标题:中哈全面战略伙伴关系进入新阶段 

作者:张宁(中国社科院“一带一路”研究中心副主任)

国家领导人往来频繁,历来都是国家间合作密切和友谊深厚的表现。在哈萨克斯坦总统纳扎尔巴耶夫上个月刚刚来华参加“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛之后,中国国家主席习近平近日又赴哈萨克斯坦成功进行国事访问并参加上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第十七次会议。这进一步夯实了中哈两国友谊,丰富了中哈两国关系。

据哈国家统计局数据,截至2016年年底,中国已累计对哈投资428亿美元,贷款126亿美元。哈是中国在中亚地区的第一大贸易伙伴、在欧亚地区的第一大投资对象国,中国则是哈萨克斯坦第六大直接投资国、第二大贸易伙伴、第二大进口国和最大出口市场。中国在哈企业超过1300家。

中哈两国有着“全面战略伙伴”关系。所谓“全面战略”,说明中哈两国合作涉及政治、经济、安全、人文、国际事务等各个领域。政治上,两国各层级交往密切,相互尊重对方的核心利益,支持对方提出的合作倡议,共同维护政局稳定,防止“颜色革命”。经济上,两国积极落实对接战略,努力改善贸易结构,扩大投资和金融合作,挖掘过境潜力。安全上,两国联合执法和安保合作机制不断完善,严厉打击“三股势力”和跨国犯罪,共同应对网络威胁和遏制极端思想扩散,维护地区军事平衡和核安全机制。人文上,两国教育、科技、文化、旅游、环保等多领域合作逐渐细化,民众间相互了解加深,好感增强,“好邻居、好朋友、好伙伴”观念日益巩固。国际事务上,两国支持以联合国为核心的国际制度体系,在诸多地区和世界问题上立场一致。

当前,中哈处于“全面战略伙伴”关系的“新阶段”。所谓“新阶段”,就是自习近平主席在哈萨克斯坦提出“丝绸之路经济带”倡议后,“一带一路”建设同“光明之路”新经济政策对接成为两国合作的常态。双方从各自国家发展战略和发展规划中,寻找共同感兴趣的合作领域与合作项目,从而实现互利共赢。如果说双方对接的第一阶段内容主要是过境运输、产能、工业园区、金融、农业、人文,并已签署51项务实合作协议,合同总金额达268亿美元,那么此次习近平主席访哈则将双方对接推动至明确加快“四大对接”的第二阶段,即国际物流大通道战略对接、工业化进程对接、陆海联运需求对接、信息数据对接,并具体化为22项合作内容。

中哈始终将合作置于地区总体协调发展的大框架中。比如,从扩大中国与欧洲的跨欧亚大陆合作角度,提升哈国的过境潜力;从发展独联体、中亚、西亚、南亚等整个欧亚大陆中部地区市场的角度,部署在哈的投资项目;从防范中东极端势力向外部扩散的角度,与哈共建“防火墙”。尤其是印度和巴基斯坦成为上海合作组织正式成员后,哈萨克斯坦成为北连独联体、东接中国、南往印度洋的地缘“纽带”,与哈萨克斯坦的合作在中国对外关系中的地位更加凸显。通过与哈萨克斯坦深化合作,可进一步发展“丝绸之路经济带”与欧亚经济联盟的对接,推进中国-中亚-西亚经济走廊和第二欧亚大陆桥建设,摸索反恐和反极端主义合作新经验,巩固中国西部周边的安全和发展。

当前,中哈合作面临良好“机遇期”。中国正努力实现“两个百年梦”,目标是成为富裕文明的强国;哈萨克斯坦则积极落实“2050年战略”,任务是进入世界前30强行列。两国的国家战略均强调改善民生和调整经济结构,均视发展为第一要务。尽管存在互联互通基础仍旧薄弱、相互市场开放程度不足、贸易商品结构不平衡、法律和标准等差异较大等部分困难,但是对发展的共同需求、对美好生活的共同愿望、对国际问题的共同立场,让中哈两国合作的机遇总是大于挑战。正如纳扎尔巴耶夫总统所言,“把我们联合起来的东西远比把我们分开的东西多”,“差异不是分歧的原因,而是合作的起点”。

来源:光明日报

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