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天舟一号上天的特殊任务:研究如何对付骨质疏松

2017-04-30 10:21:05   

原标题:天舟一号上特殊任务 研究如何对付骨质疏松

天舟一号虽然是货运飞船,却也承载了不少科学实验。其中就包括要搞明白宇航员在太空会骨质疏松究竟是怎么回事?科学家们还要进行抗失重情况下的骨质疏松新药开发。为什么要去太空进行这方面的研究?那里的实验和在地面实验有何不同?

宇航员在太空会骨质疏松,他们要搞明白是为什么

天舟一号飞向太空时装载了超过6吨的物资与设备,这其中有一个来自浙江的生命科学项目:浙江大学生命科学学院王金福教授团队实验室的人骨髓间充质干细胞,将搭载天舟一号进入太空,开展骨细胞定向诱导分化实验。这个实验将探究太空微重力环境对干细胞分化潜能影响的原因,在世界上尚属首次。

王金福实验室的干细胞,是第二次飞向宇宙了。去年4月,专为科研设计的中国首颗微重力科学实验卫星“实践十号”上搭载的19位“乘客”中,其中就有王金福课题组的两组、大约50万个人体干细胞。科学家想搞明白:在微重力环境下,骨髓中干细胞生成骨细胞的过程,有什么异常。

对这种“异常”进行探索的最初动力是,自从1961年人类首次冲出地球后,所有宇航员刚回到地球,有好一段时间都“腿软”,不要说走路,站也站不起来。仅仅因为重力环境的改变,好汉都不得不服软?一定是维持生命工作的细胞发生了什么变化。

王金福团队的两组培养单元里的细胞任务周期不同:一组只需要2天;另一组则进行7天实验。两组干细胞同时开始在诱导液的作用下,在天上进行骨细胞诱导分化。这个过程,完全模拟了人体内干细胞分化成骨细胞的过程,也就是长骨钙的过程。第一组完成两天诱导后,形成的新细胞被自动裂解并低温保存;第二组完成一周诱导后,形成的新细胞被固定并低温保存。

“通过分析我们发现,第一个单元的细胞状态表明,干细胞到了太空,促使骨细胞分化相关的基因和蛋白表达水平的活性降低了;第二个单元里,干细胞变成骨细胞的量,比地球上做的比对实验产生的量要少得多。”

科学家们此前的研究表明,宇航员在微重力的环境中,骨质流失加剧。王金福团队的实验证明,在太空微重力环境下,不仅人会丢失骨钙,就连形成骨钙的机制也发生了问题。

王金福团队是全球第一个通过太空实际微重力实验,证明这个结论的团队。

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