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境外媒体称美海军疲于奔命 无暇训练致事故频发

2017-08-24 01:27:50   参考消息

参考消息网8月24日报道 境外媒体称,美国海军今年已在西太平洋出过四次意外,当中两次撞船有人员伤亡。有分析,美军舰队规模缩小但任务却未相对减少,造成工作量加重且牺牲训练质量,可能是连串事故背后的主因。

台湾“中央社”网站8月23日引述彭博社报道称,美军“约翰·麦凯恩”号驱逐舰与一艘油轮于邻近新加坡的海域再度发生类似碰撞,已是美国海军今年在西太平洋的第四起严重事件。前一起类似撞船事件于6月发生在日本外海,造成7名士兵丧生。

21日在马六甲海峡发生碰撞后的美国“约翰·麦凯恩”号驱逐舰(路透社)

其他事件包括:今年1月美军巡洋舰“安提坦”号在美军第7舰队基地所在的横须贺附近搁浅;今年5月,美军巡洋舰“夏普伦湖”号与一艘韩国渔船碰撞。就在上周,美国海军才将6月与货柜船相撞的美国海军驱逐舰“菲茨杰拉德”号舰长解职。

随着“约翰·麦凯恩”号驱逐舰8月21日撞船造成10名士兵失踪或死亡,使得理清这些事件有哪些共同点已成当务之急。

据2位退役海军官员表示,其中一个可能性是舰队已分身乏术,被迫在攸关美国战略利益的庞大区域将训练及部署任务予以合并。

战略及预算评估中心资深研究人员克拉克2015年撰文指出,从1998到2015年,美国海军缩减20%,降到只剩271艘舰艇,但部署海外的舰艇数却仍维持在大约100艘。他的结论是每艘船不得不加重20%的工作负担,才能符合要求。

退役海军上校、现任新美国安全中心(CNAS)资深主管的亨德里克斯说:“当你试图在海上保有那么多船,就必须付出代价。被牺牲掉的就是训练,我想舰队里早已停止训练。”

美国国会稽核处2015年5月一份有关美国海军军力的报告,其中针对部署于本土与海外的巡洋舰与驱逐舰,分析训练、保养与任务部署的时间分配。

其中一张图表显示,以2015年2月为例,在美国本土的舰艇,22%的时间用于部署任务、41%的时间在训练、19%的时间在保养,剩下的时间也都处在可供适航状态;反观基地在日本的舰艇,67%的时间都在出任务,33%时间在保养,用于训练的时间根本为零。

此外,彭博指出,美国海军去年12月在兵力结构评估中规划出具有远大抱负的衡量基准——寻求打造一支拥有355艘舰艇的舰队。但批评者认为,这项聚焦于大量造舰的计划所冒的风险,在于投入太多资源建造相对便宜却功能有限舰艇的风险,像是问题丛生、战力差的滨海战斗舰。

退役海军上校麦格拉斯曾任与“约翰·麦凯恩”号类似的驱逐舰“巴尔克利”号舰长,现在一家国防顾问公司担任分析师。他说:“我们所看到的是一支在耗损的海军,尤其在西太平洋。”

麦格拉斯说:“美国在全球肩负责任并有相关利益,还有中国与俄罗斯两个崛起的竞争对手,又有伊朗与朝鲜另两个威胁,就会造就一个非常、非常疲于奔命的海军。”

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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