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德系汽车三巨头涉嫌20年价格垄断 或面临天价罚单

2017-07-29 09:42:30   中国经济网

■见习记者龚梦泽

谁能想到,德国史上罕见的汽车业卡特尔(注:卡特尔是垄断组织主要形式之一)可能已经秘密存在20余年,包括大众、宝马和戴姆勒在内的三大汽车巨头通通在列。

近日,据德国媒体报道,从上世纪90年代以来,大众、宝马、戴姆勒以不同工作组的形式秘密举行60余次秘密会议,就技术、成本、供应商目录达成一致,以消除竞争,涉嫌反垄断合谋20年。报道同时称,如果查证属实,这可能是德国经济史上最大反垄断案例。

《证券日报》记者注意到,受该消息影响,大众,戴姆勒公司和宝马股价应声大跌。7月21日,大众汽车股价下跌4.9%,戴姆勒和宝马也下跌至去年年底以来新低。如果欧委会最终认定大众、戴姆勒和宝马垄断事项成立,有可能是除“柴油排放作弊”后的又一轰动事件,上述三家德国汽车巨头也将面临天价罚款。

三巨头涉嫌价格垄断20年

据德国周刊《明镜》报道,上世纪90年代以来,大众、宝马、戴姆勒以不同工作组的形式秘密举行会议,探讨协调生产成本、供应商、开发技术等。然而,竞争对手密谋商议价格、协调经销商价格等行为在行业内是违背反垄断法规的。《明镜》称这些会议是“德国经济史上最大的卡特尔案例之一。”

报道援引大众披露内容称,公司约200名员工参会60多次。举行这些行业会议是为了规避反垄断法规。会上讨论了汽车研发、制动系统、汽油和柴油发动机、离合器、变速箱以及尾气排放处理系统。

报道同时指出,去年德国反垄断政府机构就暗示过存在这类关于汽车巨头之间的秘密会议,但相关新闻最近才曝光可能是涉事车企企图避免严厉惩罚的结果。其中从2006年开始,三大车企开始讨论柴油发动机尾气处理液成本问题,这个液体需要储存箱,箱体越大,成本越高。经过多次会议、电话、邮件交流,上述车企于2008年9月份同意在所有车型上使用8公升的箱体,以节省成本。

事实上,德国监管方首次确认问题存在是在2016年突击搜查大众办公室时,当时是为了查找大众操控钢铁价格的证据,不曾想到却发现了德国汽车企业巨头串通的证据。两周后,大众主动承认可能违反反垄断法规,随后戴姆勒也向监管方坦白,希望尽量减轻惩罚。

有不愿具名的业内人士表示,尽管垄断的相关细节还不够充分,但他认为这确实是一种横向垄断行为。“欧洲市场柴油车比例高,碳排放标准严格,三家车企巨头协议采用同样的技术标准,生产同样的车辆。就会造成没有掌握相当技术和标准的其它厂家只得采取更高成本的方式参与竞争,进而制造标准上的垄断。”

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