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危险!安倍拟将自卫队"合宪化"意欲何为(图)

2017-06-23 16:28:40   海外网

摘要:由于缺乏在野党的有效制衡,安倍政权已经成为自行其是的“暴走政权”,此次拟案中将自卫队地位“合法化”的举措正是一次新的表现。

根据日本共同通讯社的消息,该社获得的日本自民党“修宪蓝图”显示,自民党拟在宪法第九条中“加宪”,明文规定自卫队的“防卫实体”地位。这将是继日本通过《自卫队法》,绕过“和平宪法”限制之后,在“重新武装”道路上迈出的又一重要步骤。

日本首相安倍晋三图源:新华网

众所周知,日本战后的“和平宪法”是在美国占领后,由占领军最高司令麦克阿瑟“指导”下制定的。为了限制日本再次发动战争的能力,避免类似珍珠港事件的情况再次发生,美军“指导”下制定的这部宪法严格约束了日本的武装力量,规定日本放弃发动战争的权力,并且不得保有军队,其严厉程度可与一战后协约国对德国的军事限制相比(令人深思的是,后者最后并没能约束德国发动第二次世界大战)。在这种情况下,日本仅被允许以维持国内治安的目的保有一支小型的武装力量,这就是今天日本“自卫队”的由来。

时移世易,美国对日本占领后不久便发生了东西方的“冷战”。尤其是朝鲜战争的爆发,使得美国认识到日本在远东对抗苏联中的价值,随即改变了对日本的“削弱”方针,开始重新扶植日本。日本自卫队也因此得到了发展壮大,从一支本用于维持治安的力量,逐步发展到今天的陆海空三军,在世界军事强国中占有一席之地。

不过,尽管自卫队早已非昔日的“吴下阿蒙”,但由于“和平宪法”的存在,有关扩张日本军力的事情在日本国内一直是“可以做,不可以说”的“禁忌”。历史上几个试图触碰这个禁忌的日本政治家大都碰了钉子。这一方面是由于美国仍然对曾经发动珍珠港事件的日本并不完全放心,还需要给日本加上一个“笼头”,避免其“反噬其主”;另一方面是因为,战后日本人民对战争带来的沉重灾难——包括人类史上唯一丢下的两颗原子弹——痛定思痛,自发地形成了“反战护宪”的阵营,在历次与右翼的斗争中保卫了“和平宪法”的果实。

但上世纪九十年代后,以社会党的衰落为象征,日本政坛结束了“1955年体制”,开始了多个保守政党争夺政权的新时代。其背景则是泡沫经济破灭后的长期经济停滞,造成了日本社会的右倾保守化,保守倾向逐渐在社会上占据优势。安倍政权的上台,则可以说是对这段历史的一个总结,成为保守派的“集大成者”。

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