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第70届世卫大会闭幕 选出首位来自非洲总干事

2017-06-01 13:11:57   新华社

新华社日内瓦5月31日电(记者张淼刘曲)第70届世界卫生大会31日在日内瓦落幕。大会选举来自埃塞俄比亚的特沃德罗斯·阿达诺姆为世界卫生组织新任总干事,并就控制媒介传播疾病、防控非传染性疾病、化学品管理等多个议题达成一致。

现年52岁的特沃德罗斯在本届大会上成为1948年世卫组织成立以来,首位来自非洲地区的总干事。他在当选后表示,将加强世卫组织在全民健康、卫生事件应急、妇女儿童和青少年福祉、应对气候和环境变化对健康的影响、世卫组织转型5个方面的领导工作。他将于7月1日就职,接替来自中国香港、担任总干事10年的陈冯富珍。

媒介传播疾病占所有传染病的17%以上,每年有超过70万人因此死亡。本届大会通过了预防媒介传播疾病的战略方针,即到2030年将这些疾病的发病率降低至少60%,并将死亡率降低至少75%。为此,世卫将着重推广适应当地的、可持续的媒介控制方法,并通过环境、城市规划、教育、卫生等多部门的参与,应对多种媒介和疾病。

在防控非传染性疾病方面,代表们认可了一套更新的政策方案和干预措施,尤其侧重于通过减少致病因素来降低发病风险,包括对烟草和加糖饮料征税、禁止烟草广告、以及调整食品配方以减少盐分含量等。为改善对非传染性疾病的管控,还将为糖尿病和高血压提供药物治疗,为心脏病和中风患者、以及心血管病高危人群提供咨询,并为妇女筛查宫颈癌等。

来自世卫组织的数据显示,每年全世界约有130万人因接触特定化学品而丧生,而许多国家仍然缺乏必要的监管和评估管理能力。本届大会批准了一个新的化学品管理路线图,要求各国到2020年改善化学品和废弃物的管理,并到2030年减少有害化学品造成的死亡和疾病数量。世卫组织将与各国合作实施这一路线图,并将于2019年向世界卫生大会报告进展情况。

此外,本届大会通过了世卫组织2018年至2019年44.215亿美元的双年度规划预算方案,其中包括会员国评定会费增加3%,即2800万美元,并分别增加投资6910万美元用于应对突发卫生事件及2320万美元用于抵制抗微生物药物耐药性。

世卫组织的预算资金来源包括评定会费和自愿捐款,其中前者占绝大部分。近年来,随着总预算的增长,来自国家和非国家的自愿捐款已经超过评定会费,提供了其大部分收入。

为期10天的大会还通过了关于防治败血症、在阿富汗、尼日利亚和巴基斯坦最后三个国家终止脊髓灰质炎、流感防范框架、儿童肥胖、控烟等议题的决议。大会同时强调,迫切需要全面实施《国际卫生条例(2005)》,以帮助国际社会预防和应对有可能跨越边界并威胁全世界人民的紧急公共卫生风险。

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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