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世卫组织发布报告 首次关注烟草对环境的破坏性影响

2017-05-31 09:54:34   国际在线

2017年世界无烟日宣传海报。

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 刘素云):5月31日是“世界无烟日”,世界卫生组确定的主题是“烟草对发展的威胁”。30日,世卫组织在日内瓦发布专题报告,重点强调了烟草对环境和世界各国发展造成的威胁,呼吁各国政府采取更加强有力的烟草控制措施。世卫组织发布的报告题为《烟草及其对环境的影响概述》,首次对烟草与环境的关系做出分析。世卫组织烟草控制协调员维纳亚克·普拉萨德表示,人们都知道烟草对健康和经济的影响,但是烟草对环境的危害还较少被关注到。他说:“最重要的是,这份报告首次关注了烟草与环境的关系。烟草种植、生产、使用及所产生的垃圾对环境造成的影响。有证据清楚地表明,烟草有多么危险,会对我们的环境造成破坏。”

这份报告详细列举了烟草从种植到消费各个环节对环境可能产生的危害。比如,烟叶种植需要占用大量土地和水资源,并使用杀虫剂;烟叶干燥及烟草生产、包装和运输过程中将产生大量温室气体;吸烟会危害环境,烟蒂和二手烟也对环境造成破坏。报告指出,烟草废物含有7000多种毒性化学物质,其中包括人类致癌物质;烟草烟雾排放会产生数千吨的人类致癌物质、有毒物质和温室气体;在海岸和城市环卫清理收集的所有废弃物品中,烟蒂占到了30%到40%。

报告还指出,烟草以多种方式威胁到所有人以及国家和区域的发展。目前,大约有8.6亿成年吸烟者生活在低收入和中等收入国家,在最贫穷的家庭当中,烟草制品的支出通常占家庭总支出的10%以上。另外,烟草种植者家庭有10%到14%的儿童因为要在烟草田里工作而缺课,妇女占到烟草农场工人的60~70%。此外,烟草造成的死亡占非传染性疾病死亡总人数的16%。

世卫组织在日内瓦万国宫举行发布会。

世卫组织烟草控制框架公约秘书处负责人安德鲁·布莱克在记者会上说:“现在每年有700万人死于与吸烟有关的疾病,大约一半的长期吸烟者都会因为吸烟致死。因此,减少年轻人群的吸烟人数至关重要。必须禁止烟草的广告和营销,这些行为很多都是针对年轻人的。”

为此,世卫组织建议各国政府采取更严厉的控烟措施,包括禁止烟草的营销和广告,促进烟草制品的无装饰包装,提高消费税,室内公共场所和工作场所禁止吸烟等。世卫组织特别指出,增加烟草税收有助于为实现2030年可持续发展议程创造所需的财政空间。

联合国开发计划署专家达德利·塔尔顿对世卫组织的控烟努力表示赞赏。他说:“联合国开发计划署非常高兴今年世界卫生日确定的这一主题。因为近年来,我们越来越多地认识到,采取行动控制烟草不仅有益于健康,也将在更广泛范围内有益于可持续发展目标的实现。”

世卫组织总干事陈冯富珍表示,通过采取强有力的烟草控制措施,政府可以保护烟草使用者和非吸烟者免受这些致命产品的危害,创造财富以资助卫生和其他社会服务,并且避免烟草的破坏以拯救环境。

实际上,全球控烟已纳入联合国2030年可持续发展议程。该议程确定要实施《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》,到2030年把烟草使用为主要风险因素的非传染性疾病造成的过早死亡减少三分之一。今年世界无烟日所确立的主题,也是人们为实现可持续发展目标做出的一次重要努力。

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